penetro Latin · revision 30871

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la penes}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpɛ.nɛ.troː], [pɛˈnɛt.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpɛː.ne.tro], [peˈnɛt.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''penetrō''' (present infinitive penetrāre, perfect active penetrāvī, supine penetrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|penes|t=in the possession of, within]], with its ending after [[m|la|intrō|t=to enter]], Wiktionary also names [[m|la|penitus|t=inwardly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) English sources relate it to ⟨penitus⟩ and [[m|la|penetrālis|t=innermost]].^(Etymonline) Lewis and Short derived it from the root of [[m|la|pāscō|t=to feed]], as with [[m|la|penātēs]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Trinummus'': ''quīn prius mē ad plūrīs penetrāvī?'', “why did I not go over to the majority sooner?”, that is, die.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first use is to put or bring something inside, also reflexively, Lucretius has things that, once inside, cause a bitter sensation.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is to make one's way into or as far as, as Virgil's men who press into the halls of kings, and to cross a river (Cicero, of Croesus crossing the Halys).^(OLD 2012) Of things it is to work into something, and of ideas and practices to spread: Pliny wonders when something first reached the Romans.^(OLD 2012) It is to penetrate with the mind, and of feelings to affect someone deeply: nothing struck Tiberius more than the people's enthusiasm for Agrippina (Tacitus).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “penetrate, enter”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''penetrate'' (1520s) comes from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of “going over” to the dead.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of things that work their way in.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of entering halls.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of a feeling that struck Tiberius.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1520s – English [[m|en|penetrate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put or bring inside.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To make one's way into, [[m|en|enter]]; to cross (a river).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(of things, ideas)'' To [[m|en|penetrate]], reach, spread to.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To penetrate with the mind, ''(of feelings)'' to affect deeply.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of practices)'' To go as far as.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[penetrābilis]]

+ * [[penetrālis]]

+ * [[penetrātiō]]

+ * [[penetrator]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[penes]]

+ * [[penitus]]

+ * [[intrō]]

+ * [[en|penetrate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}