gaudeo Latin · revision 3087

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *ǵeh₂u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɡau̯.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɡaːu̯.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gaudeō''' (present infinitive gaudēre, perfect active gāvīsus sum); second conjugation, semi-deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ It is semi-deponent, with the perfect ''gāvīsus sum''; an active perfect ''gāvīsī'' is found in Livius Andronicus and Cassius Hemina.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably contracted from an older *gāvidē-, built on an adjective *gāvidus “rejoicing”, as [[ardeo|alt=ārdeō]] stands beside [[aridus|alt=āridus]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs [[inh|itc-pro|*gāweþ-ē-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ǵeh₂u-edʰ-|t=to rejoice]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|γηθέω|tr=gēthéō|t=to rejoice]] and [[m|grc|γάνυμαι|tr=gánumai|t=to be glad]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Livius Andronicus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus a god says, “because I see you calm, I am glad and pleased”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to be glad or to [[m|en|rejoice]], as in Terence's “so I was glad for nothing”, and to take pleasure in something.^(OLD 2012) In poetry things were said to rejoice, as Catullus' palace “rejoicing in royal treasure”.^(OLD 2012) Cicero distinguishes it from ''laetari'': it is fitting to feel joy, but not to show it with exultation.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ From it came [[gaudium]] “joy”.^(de Vaan 2008) It survives as Italian ''godere'' and Old French ''joir''.^(Wiktionary) English ''joy'' came about 1200 from Old French ''joie'', from the plural of ''gaudium''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for being glad.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it for rejoicing in vain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of a palace rejoicing in treasure.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero contrasts it with ''laetari''.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English ''joy'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be glad, [[m|en|rejoice]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To take pleasure (in), enjoy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic, of things)'' To rejoice (in).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aggaudeō]]

+ * [[congaudeō]]

+ * [[gaudebundus]]

+ * [[gaudēns]]

+ * [[gaudibundus]]

+ * [[gaudium]]

+ * [[gāvīsus]]

+ * [[pergaudeō]]

+ * [[praegaudeō]]

+ * [[supergaudeō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gaudiālis]]

+ * [[gaudimōnium]]

+ * [[gaudivigēns]]

+ * [[en|joy]]

+ * [[en|enjoy]]

+ * [[en|gaudy]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''gaudere'', joy as an inward state, from ''laetari'', joy shown outwardly.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}