extollo Latin · revision 30860

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la ex-, ine-pro *telh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈstɔl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ekˈstɔl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''extollō''' (present infinitive extollere); third conjugation, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+ It has no perfect of its own;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca the Elder has a pluperfect ''exsustulissent''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ex-|tollō|t1=out, up|t2=to lift, raise]].^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|tollō]] to [[itc-pro|*tolna/o-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*tl-n(e)-h₂-|t=to carry]], cognate with [[sga|tlenaid|t=lifts, takes away]] and with [[m|la|tulī]] and [[m|la|lātus]], which serve as the perfect and participle of [[m|la|ferō]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Amphitruo'': the two snakes raise their heads (''extollunt ambō capita'').^(OLD 2012) In the ''Mostellaria'' he uses it of praise: would you rather be falsely blamed than truly extolled?^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal senses are lifting something up (Cato's vine shoots), raising a part of the body, holding something aloft (Brutus raising his bloody dagger, in Cicero), and raising buildings or making plants grow up.^(OLD 2012) Ennius has winds vying to raise the waves.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The voice can be raised too.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to raise a fallen opponent to his feet, and, very often, to praise a person or magnify an event, as Cicero's opponents belittle his fortune and exalt their own.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “lift up, raise up, exalt”, with the passive “to be insolent”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''extol'' dates from about 1400, first meaning “to lift up”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of snakes raising their heads and of praise.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of winds raising the waves.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of Brutus' raised dagger.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1400 – English [[m|en|extol]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To lift up, raise; to hold aloft.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To build up (buildings); to make (plants) grow.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To raise (the voice).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|praise]], [[m|en|extol]]; to magnify.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|exalt]], lift (to a higher state); ''(Ecclesiastical Latin, passive)'' to be [[m|en|insolent]].^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[extollentia]]

+ * [[superextollō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tollō]]

+ * [[en|extol]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}