hiberna Latin · revision 30855

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰéyōm}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hīberna''' ''n pl'' (genitive hībernōrum); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also used in the singular.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the neuter plural of [[m|la|hībernus|t=of winter]], used as a noun, short for ⟨castra hīberna⟩ “winter camp”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨hībernus⟩ from ⟨*heimrinos⟩, from the noun [[m|la|hiems|t=winter]], [[itc-pro|*χiem-]], [[ine-pro|*ǵʰéyōm|t=winter]], cognate with [[grc|χειμών|tr=kheimṓn|t=winter]], [[sa|हिम|tr=himá-|t=cold, frost]] and [[sga|gaim|t=winter]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Varro, in his ''Res rusticae'': places on the plain are better for wintering (''hīberna'').^(OLD 2012) Köbler's first source is Caesar.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the time spent wintering, and especially, in military use, a winter camp or winter quarters: Varro explains that what the army called ''hīberna'' was named from ''hiems''.^(OLD 2012) Caesar uses it constantly of the legions' winter quarters.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was also used of winter shelter for livestock and of winter rooms in a house, as Cicero says the smaller baths could be turned into winter apartments.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of wintering and of winter quarters.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of the army's winter quarters.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of winter rooms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(plural)'' The time spent wintering.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(military)'' [[m|en|winter quarters]], a winter camp.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Winter shelter (for cattle); winter rooms (of a house).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hībernus]]

+ * [[hiems]]

+ * [[hībernō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}