pavidus Latin · revision 30851

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pou-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpa.wɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpaː.vi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pavidus''' (feminine pavida, neuter pavidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|paveō|-idus|t1=to be afraid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨paveō⟩ from [[itc-pro|*pawē-]] and [[ine-pro|*pou-eh₁-|t=to fear]], following Schrijver in connecting it with Celtic words for fear such as [[sga|omun|t=fear]] and [[m|sga|úath|t=fear]].^(de Vaan 2008) Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet instead took it as the stative of [[m|la|paviō|t=to strike]], “to be struck”, hence “to fear”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Curculio'': he seizes me, frightened and terrified (''timidam atque pavidam'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means frightened, struck with fear, and of feelings and acts fearful, as Lucretius' fearful superstitions.^(OLD 2012) By nature it is timid, as Horace's “timid hare”.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is perhaps not found in Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “terrified, fearful, trembling”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a frightened woman.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of fearful superstitions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of the timid hare.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|frightened]], terrified, trembling, alarmed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Fearful by nature, [[m|en|timid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[paveō]]

+ * [[pavor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}