vox Latin · revision 3085

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *wekʷ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈwoːks]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɔks]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vōx''' ''f'' (genitive vōcis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*wōkʷs]], [[inh|ine-pro|*wṓkʷs|t=voice, speech]], a root noun of [[m|ine-pro|*wekʷ-|t=to speak]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The verb [[voco|alt=vocāre]] “to call” was made from its oblique stem.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[xum|subocau|t=I invoke]],^(de Vaan 2008) and with [[sa|वाच्|tr=vā́c-|t=voice, speech]], [[ae|vāxš|t=voice]] and [[grc|ὄψ|tr=óps|t=voice]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) whose girl thinks she has heard “the voice of my slave Lampadiscus”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the human [[m|en|voice]], and ''una voce'' meant “with one voice, unanimously”, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) The voice stood for a person's authority, opinion or vote, and the word also meant tone of voice, as Ennius' “I called in a coaxing voice”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant any sound uttered, the sound of a word, as in Varro, words spoken, and a saying, as Cicero's “certain sayings of Epicurus”.^(OLD 2012) It meant a language, as ''Latina voce'', and in grammar a word.^(OLD 2012) Medieval Latin used it in law for the right to sue or bear witness,^(Niermeyer 1976) and music theory for a note or a voice part.^(LmL) The phrase ''vox populi'' means “the voice of the people”.^(Wiktionary) It survives as French ''voix'', Italian ''voce'' and Spanish and Portuguese ''voz'', and English ''voice'' came through Old French in the late 13th century.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for a person's voice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it for a tone of voice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''una voce'' and speaks of the sayings of Epicurus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 13th century – English ''voice'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – English ''vocal'' comes from its derivative ''vocalis''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|voice]], ''una voce'' unanimously.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A vote, opinion; authority.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A tone of voice; an [[m|en|accent]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A sound, cry.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Words, an utterance; a saying.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A language.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(grammar)'' A word.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, law)'' The right to sue or to bear witness.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(music)'' A note; a voice part.^(LmL)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[convīcium]]

+ * [[vocābulum]]

+ * [[vōcālis]]

+ * [[vocāmen]]

+ * [[vōciferor]]

+ * [[vocō]]

+ * [[vōcula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|voice]]

+ * [[en|vocal]]

+ * [[en|vowel]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}