tunica Latin · revision 30848

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtʊ.nɪ.ka]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtuː.ni.ka]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tunica''' ''f'' (genitive tunicae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably a word of Semitic origin, like [[grc|χιτών|tr=khitṓn|t=tunic]]: the OLD and Köbler compare [[hbo|כְּתֹנֶת|tr=kəṯōneṯ|t=tunic]], and Wiktionary also [[arc|כִּיתּוּנָא|tr=kittūnā|t=tunic]], from a word for flax, with a metathesis of the consonants in Latin.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary notes that an Etruscan intermediary has been suggested.^(Wiktionary) Lewis & Short's older derivation from ⟨*tog-nica⟩, from [[m|la|tegō|t=to cover]], is no longer accepted by the other sources.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Miles gloriosus'': a wife asks her husband to buy wool for a warm cloak and good winter tunics (''tunicaeque hībernae bonae'').^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''tunica'' was the standard garment of both sexes, worn alone or under the toga or cloak; men's was usually short-sleeved and knee-length, and Plautus mocks men in long, trailing tunics as effeminate.^(OLD 2012) Senators and knights wore it with broad or narrow purple stripes, and Varro uses it of a coat of mail.^(OLD 2012) Special tunics included the ''tunica recta'' woven on an upright loom, worn by young men and brides, the ''tunica palmāta'' of triumphing generals (Livy), and the ''tunica molesta'' of inflammable stuff in which criminals were burnt.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ By extension it is any covering membrane or coat, as of the kidneys (Celsus), and the skin of a fruit.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Church Latin glosses it “coat, shirt, tunic, dalmatic”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin it was a liturgical tunicle and a surcoat, and also a military cloak.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of winter tunics.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of a tunic of mail.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of the ''tunica palmāta''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of a membrane covering the kidneys.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|tunic]], the standard undergarment of Roman men and women.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A tunic of mail.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A covering [[m|en|membrane]], coat; the skin (of a fruit).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A liturgical [[m|en|tunicle]]; a [[m|en|surcoat]]; a military cloak.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tunicātus]]

+ * [[tunicō]]

+ * [[tunicopallium]]

+ * [[tunicula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[toga]]

+ * [[en|tunic]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}