custodio Latin · revision 30837

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la custōs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kʊsˈtoː.di.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kusˈtɔː.di.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''custōdiō''' (present infinitive custōdīre, perfect active custōdīvī or custōdiī, supine custōdītum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the future passive ''custōdībitur''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|custōs|-iō|t1=guard, guardian]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The origin of [[m|la|custōs]] is unclear: Nowicki's explanation as ⟨*kusto-sd-⟩ “one who sits by the hidden (treasure)”, with [[got|𐌷𐌿𐌶𐌳|tr=huzd|t=treasure]] and [[grc|κεύθω|tr=keúthō|t=to hide]], is widely accepted, but de Vaan finds it unlikely in meaning and form.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Bacchides'': he looks after the property and guards the house (''custōdit domum'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to keep things safe, store them (Columella's kinds of wheat to be kept by farmers), hold something back, and preserve it in good condition, as a cool room keeps wine best.^(OLD 2012) In war it is to guard a position, as the walls (Livy).^(OLD 2012) Of people it is to protect and keep unharmed, and also to watch over or supervise someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Figuratively it is to observe a practice or keep a promise or resolution, as Seneca says it is more work to keep one's resolutions than to make them.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “guard, watch, protect, preserve”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of guarding a house.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of keeping property and a speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of guarding walls.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of keeping resolutions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To keep safe, [[m|en|preserve]]; to keep in store.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(military)'' To [[m|en|guard]] (a position).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|protect]] (a person); to watch over, [[m|en|supervise]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To observe, keep (a practice or promise).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[concustōdiō]]

+ * [[custōdītiō]]

+ * [[incustōdītus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[custōs]]

+ * [[custōdia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}