cedo Latin · revision 3083

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ḱyesdʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkeː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃɛː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cēdō''' (present infinitive cēdere, perfect active cessī, supine cessum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is disputed.^(Wiktionary) De Vaan follows Lubotsky in taking it as [[inh|itc-pro|*kesd-e/o-|t=to go away, avoid]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ḱyesdʰ-|t=to drive away; to go away]], cognate with [[sa|सेधति|tr=sedhati|t=drives away]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) He takes “to give way, withdraw” as the original sense, kept in [[cesso|alt=cessāre]] and in [[necesse]], “no avoiding”.^(de Vaan 2008) The older explanation as *ke “here” plus a root meaning “to sit” or “to go”, given by the OLD, he finds unconvincing.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who describes a man who “goes sideways, not forwards, like a crab”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In early Latin it meant to go or proceed, but its usual senses were to withdraw or retire, and of soldiers to give ground, as Ennius' “our men fell back a little”.^(OLD 2012) Things receded, as Catullus' departing ship, and time passed, as in Cicero's “hours and days and months and years go by”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant to turn out well or badly, to make way for someone, to be inferior to, and to give in to an enemy; diseases were said to yield to treatment.^(OLD 2012) With an object it meant to give up or [[m|en|cede]] something, and things passed into someone's possession.^(OLD 2012) Italian ''cedere'', French ''céder'' and Spanish and Portuguese ''ceder'' are borrowings.^(Wiktionary) English ''cede'' dates from the 1630s, and its compounds gave ''proceed'' and ''recede''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for going.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of soldiers falling back.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of a ship sailing away.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of time passing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''proceed'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1630s – English ''cede'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To go, proceed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To withdraw, go away; to give ground.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To recede, ''(of time)'' to pass.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To turn out (well, badly).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make way (for); to be inferior (to).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To yield, give in.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To give up, [[m|en|cede]], surrender.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To fall (to), pass into the possession (of).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abscēdō]]

+ * [[accēdō]]

+ * [[antecēdō]]

+ * [[cessīcius]]

+ * [[cessim]]

+ * [[cessiō]]

+ * [[cessō]]

+ * [[cessum]]

+ * [[cessus]]

+ * [[concēdō]]

+ * [[dēcēdō]]

+ * [[discēdō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[necesse]]

+ * [[en|cede]]

+ * [[en|proceed]]

+ * [[en|recede]]

+ * [[en|success]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different word is the imperative ''cedo'', plural ''cette'', “give here!, tell me!”, from *ke “here” and the root of [[do|alt=dō]] “to give”, found from Naevius onwards.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}