turpitudo Latin · revision 30823

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [tʊr.pɪˈtuː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [tur.piˈtuː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''turpitūdō''' ''f'' (genitive turpitūdinis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|turpis|t=ugly, shameful]] with the suffix [[m|la|-tūdō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The origin of ⟨turpis⟩ is unknown: Walde–Hofmann and Pokorny compared [[sa|त्रपते|tr=trapate|t=is ashamed]], from [[ine-pro|*trep-|t=to turn]], taking the adjective as “repelling”, but de Vaan finds this too contrived.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Pseudolus'': if the gods give a boy a pimp's slavery and add ugliness too (''sī addunt turpitūdinem'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense, ugliness or deformity, is rare.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Usually it is the shameful quality of a person or act, baseness, turpitude, and in particular indecency, as Cicero's manifest scandal of an erased record.^(OLD 2012) It is also a shameful reputation, disgrace, as the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' advises spreading a rumour that brings the opponents some disgrace.^(OLD 2012) Cicero asks whether there is any evil greater than ''turpitūdō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “disgrace, dishonor, obscenity, ugliness”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin it also meant the private parts.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''turpitude'' dates from the late 15th century (Caxton), through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of ugliness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' of disgrace.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of baseness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – English [[m|en|turpitude]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|ugliness]], [[m|en|deformity]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Baseness, [[m|en|turpitude]], [[m|en|indecency]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|disgrace]], dishonour, infamy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The private parts.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[turpiculus]]

+ * [[turpificātus]]

+ * [[turpiloquium]]

+ * [[turpilucrīcupidus]]

+ * [[turpilucrus]]

+ * [[turpis]]

+ * [[turpiter]]

+ * [[turpō]]

+ * [[en|turpitude]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}