verbero Latin · revision 30821
18 Oct 2026, 22:58 by bogdan “Latin la10k batch la75i/b07” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|to beat}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la verber}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * Classical: [ˈwɛr.bɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈvɛr.be.ro]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''verberō''' (present infinitive verberāre, perfect active verberāvī, supine verberātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ An old optative ''verberit'' occurs in a royal law.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ Plautus has the infinitive ''verberārier''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The verb is formed [[af|la|verber|-ō|t1=lash, whip]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus, ''Aulularia'': ''nam cūr mē miseram verberās?'' — ''ut misera sīs'', “why do you beat poor me?” — “so you'll be poor”.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It is to flog or scourge, and to lash animals; figuratively Plautus has someone lash him with words.^(OLD 2012) It is also to strike repeatedly, batter, and of things to beat down or hammer, as Cato's soil beaten with rammers, or the wind lashing the sea (Lucretius).^(OLD 2012) Plautus also uses it of sounds and sights assailing the senses.^(OLD 2012)
+
+ Döderlein explains that ''verberāre'' is to strike so that the blow rebounds, while [[feriō]] and [[īcō]] are to strike so that the blow goes in.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “beat, strike, whip”.^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of flogging and of sounds striking the ears.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of beating the soil.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To [[m|en|flog]], [[m|en|whip]], scourge;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(figurative)'' to lash (with words).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)
+ # To strike repeatedly, [[m|en|batter]]; to beat down.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(of sounds, sights)'' To assail (the senses).^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[converberō]]
+ * [[dēverberō]]
+ * [[diverberō]]
+ * [[ēverberō]]
+ * [[reverberō]]
+ * [[verberātiō]]
+
+ {{homograph|2|rascal}}
+
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la verber}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * Classical: [ˈwɛr.bɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈvɛr.be.ro]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''verberō''' ''m'' (genitive verberōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ The noun is formed [[af|la|verber|-ō|t1=lash, whip]] with the suffix of agent nouns in ⟨-ōn-⟩: one who deserves the whip.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary compares the Greek loanword [[m|la|mastīgia|t=rogue]], from [[grc|μάστιξ|tr=mástix|t=whip]].^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Plautus, ''Amphitruo'': ''ain' tū vērō, verberō?'', “do you really say so, you rascal?”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It is a term of abuse, a person who deserves a flogging, a rascal or scoundrel, common in Plautus and also found in a letter of Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus calls slaves ''verberō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero in a letter to Atticus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # ''(derogatory)'' One who deserves a flogging; a [[m|en|rascal]], [[m|en|scoundrel]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[verber]]
+ * [[mastīgia]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}