persevero Latin · revision 30810

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la sevērus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛr.sɛˈweː.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [per.seˈvɛː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''persevērō''' (present infinitive persevērāre, perfect active persevērāvī, supine persevērātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|per-|t=thoroughly]] and [[m|la|sevērus|t=strict, serious]] with the verb ending [[m|la|-ō]], or from an adjective [[m|la|persevērus|t=very strict]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The TLL suggests a lost verb ⟨*sevērāre⟩ “to be firm, steadfast”, which would explain both this verb and [[m|la|assevērō|t=to assert]], before the adjective came to mean harsh.^(TLL) De Vaan traces ⟨sevērus⟩ to [[itc-pro|*seχwēro-|t=steadfast]] and [[ine-pro|*seǵʰ-ur-|t=holding]], cognate with [[grc|ἐχυρός|tr=ekhurós|t=strong, secure]]; he rejects Walde–Hofmann's compound of ⟨*swe-⟩ “apart” and [[m|la|vērus|t=true]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cicero, ''De inventione'': men would not persist so much in their vices (''in vitiīs persevērārent'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to persist resolutely in a course of action, with ''in'' and the ablative, an infinitive or an accusative, and to insist that something is so, as Orestes kept insisting that he was Orestes (Cicero).^(OLD 2012) Of adverse conditions it is to keep on, as a discharge persists (Celsus), and of motion to press on, as one ship kept on its course against orders (Caesar).^(OLD 2012) With less effort implied it is simply to continue in a state, as all of a family kept the same surname (Suetonius).^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short give [[persistō]] and [[permaneō]] as synonyms.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “persevere, persist, continue, remain constant”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''persevere'' dates from the late 14th century, from Old French and Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of persisting in vices and in an assertion.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of a ship keeping on its course.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius of continuing in a name.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|persevere]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|persist]], [[m|en|persevere]], continue resolutely (in).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To insist (that).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of conditions)'' To keep on, persist.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To press on (on one's way).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To continue, remain (in a state).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sevērus]]

+ * [[assevērō]]

+ * [[en|persevere]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}