geminus Latin · revision 30799

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *yemH-no-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡɛ.mɪ.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈd͡ʒɛː.mi.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''geminus''' (feminine gemina, neuter geminum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus coins a comic superlative ''geminissumus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[inh|itc-pro|*jemno-|t=paired]], [[inh|ine-pro|*yemH-no-|t=paired, connected]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The comparison rests on the meaning and on [[sga|emon|t=twin]], which keeps the initial /j/, Latin would then have taken its /g/ from [[m|la|gignō|t=to beget]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD calls the origin doubtful.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cognate with [[sa|यम|tr=yamá|t=twin]], [[ae|yə̄ma|t=twin]] and [[lv|jumis|t=pair]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has ''hodiē illa pariet fīliōs geminōs duōs'', “today she will give birth to twin sons”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Geminus'' is first “born at the same birth, twin”; as a noun ''geminī'' are twins (Pacuvius, Cicero).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) From this it means “identical, alike” (Pacuvius: ''gemina cōnfīdentia''), in the plural “two together, a pair of” (Terence: ''geminās nūptiās'', a double wedding), “twofold, double”, and of composite creatures such as the Centaurs “of double nature”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''fīliōs geminōs duōs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius: ''salvēte, geminī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of the double-natured Centaurs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|twin|alt=Twin]], twin-born.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(as noun, plural)'' Twins.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Like, identical, similar.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' Two together, a pair of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Twofold, [[m|en|double]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of double nature.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bigeminus]]

+ * [[gemellus]]

+ * [[geminitūdō]]

+ * [[gemipomus]]

+ * [[trigeminus]]

+ * [[quadrigeminus]]

+ * [[centumgeminus]]

+ * [[geminātim]]

+ * [[geminī]]

+ * [[geminō]]

+ * [[septemgeminus]]

+ * [[tergeminus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[congeminātiō]]

+ * [[congeminō]]

+ * [[geminātiō]]

+ * [[ingeminō]]

+ * [[trigeminō]]

+ * [[gignō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}