plane Latin · revision 30785

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *pleh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpɫaː.neː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈplaː.ne]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''plānē''' (comparative plānius, superlative plānissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+ Comparative ''plānius'', superlative ''plānissimē''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|plānus|-ē|t1=flat, level, clear]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|plānus]] to [[itc-pro|*plāno-]] and [[ine-pro|*pl(e)h₂-nó-|t=flattened]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it for “plainly, so as to be seen”: ''hīc istam collocā cruminam in collō plānē'', “hang that purse right here on my neck where it can be seen”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Plānē'' is first “plainly, clearly, distinctly”, to the senses and to the mind (Caesar: before he could be clearly seen).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It confirms that a statement is right, “clearly, obviously”, and serves as a reply, “quite so” (Plautus: ''plānē istuc est'').^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It also means “utterly, absolutely, quite” (Plautus: ''periī plānē'', “I'm completely ruined”, Terence).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Döderlein notes that ''plānē'' “completely” is the opposite of ''[[paene]]'' “almost” and ''[[vix]]'' “hardly”, while ''[[omnīnō]]'' means “altogether”, as opposed to “partly”.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “plainly, surely, simply”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''plānē istuc est''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''illum plānē perdis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar: ''prius quam plānē ab eīs vidērī posset''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Plainly, clearly, [[m|en|distinctly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Clearly, obviously; quite so (in answers).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|utterly|alt=Utterly]], absolutely, quite, completely.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[plānus]]

+ * [[explānō]]

+ * [[omnīnō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}