furo Latin · revision 30777

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfʊ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfuː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''furō''' (present infinitive furere, perfect active furuī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+ The perfect ''furuī'' is rare; grammarians supplied it with ''īnsānīvī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Virgil has the syncopated genitive plural of the participle ''furentum''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain: de Vaan finds that none of the many proposals is clearly the best.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD and Wiktionary compare Slavic words for a storm such as [[ru|буря|tr=burja|t=storm]], and Wiktionary also [[sa|भुरति|tr=bhurati|t=to quiver]], which would point to [[ine-pro|*bʰur-]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lewis & Short compare [[grc|θοῦρος|tr=thoûros|t=rushing, impetuous]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius.^(de Vaan 2008) An unnamed early tragedian has ''furere adsimulāre … īnstitit'', “he began to pretend to be mad”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Furō'' is to be out of one's mind, mad (Cicero: those mad through illness), then to behave wildly, rage, rave, and to rage with anger or hatred.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is to have a mad passion for something (Lucan: Caesar ''in arma furēns'', “mad for war”), and to rush wildly about (Virgil: ''lātē furentēs Barcaeī'').^(OLD 2012) Of storms, the sea, fire and the Dog Star it is to rage (Virgil: ''tempestās sine mōre furit'', Horace: ''iam Procyōn furit'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of those mad through illness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: ''tempestās sine mōre furit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace: ''iam Procyōn furit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be mad, out of one's mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|rage]], [[m|en|rave]], behave wildly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To rage with anger or hatred.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be mad (for something), long madly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To rush wildly about.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of storms, the sea, fire)'' To rage.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[furor]]

+ * [[furia]]

+ * [[furibundus]]

+ * [[interfurō]]

+ * [[perfurō]]

+ * [[praefurō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[furiōsus]]

+ * [[īnsāniō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A late noun ''fūrō'', genitive ''fūrōnis'', a form of ''[[fūr]]'' “thief”, is found from Isidore on, Isidore uses it of the ferret, which digs dark tunnels and carries off its prey, and medieval Latin has it for both “ferret” and “thief”.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}