solitudo Latin · revision 30776

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la sōlus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [soː.lɪˈtuː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [so.liˈtuː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sōlitūdō''' ''f'' (genitive sōlitūdinis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|sōlus|-tūdō|t1=alone]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The origin of [[m|la|sōlus]] is uncertain: de Vaan rejects the link with the reflexive ⟨*s(w)e⟩ “apart” that Walde and Hofmann, Pokorny and Ernout and Meillet proposed, and mentions a Gothic adjective for “happy” and the root of [[m|la|salvus]] and [[m|la|sollus|t=whole]] as possibilities.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it for being without friends: ''sōlitūdine ego tēd atque ab egestāte apstulī'', “I took you away from loneliness and want”.^(OLD 2012) Terence has it for being alone with someone.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Sōlitūdō'' is the state of being alone, solitude, and the state of having no friends or protectors, loneliness, forlornness (Plautus).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of places it is emptiness, the deserted state of a place (Terence: ''sōlitūdō ante ōstium'', “nobody at the door”), and then a deserted region, a desert or wilderness, usually in the plural (Cicero: ''saxa atque sōlitūdinēs vōcī respondent'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It also means want, destitution.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Döderlein says that ''sōlitūdō'' is the solitude of a place, neutral or praised, while ''vāsta'', ''dēserta'' and ''tesca loca'' are words of blame.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “solitude, loneliness, wilderness”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|solitude]] (mid-14th century) comes from it, partly through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''sōlitūdine ego tēd … apstulī''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''sōlitūdō ante ōstium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''saxa atque sōlitūdinēs vōcī respondent''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-14th century – English [[m|en|solitude]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|solitude|alt=Solitude]], being alone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|loneliness|alt=Loneliness]], lack of friends or protectors.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Emptiness, the deserted state (of a place).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A desert, [[m|en|wilderness]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Want, destitution.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sōlicanus]]

+ * [[sōliloquium]]

+ * [[sōlitāneus]]

+ * [[sōlitārius]]

+ * [[sōlitās]]

+ * [[sōlitātim]]

+ * [[sōlum]]

+ * [[sōlummodo]]

+ * [[sōlus]]

+ * [[dēsertum]]

+ * [[en|solitude]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}