obruo Latin · revision 30765

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₃rew-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɔb.ru.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɔb.ru.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obruō''' (present infinitive obruere, perfect active obruī, supine obrutum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ An inscription has the passive infinitive ''obrī'' for ''obruī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Manuscripts also have the spellings ''abr-'' and ''orr-''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ob-|ruō|t1=over, against|t2=to rush, fall]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists it under [[m|la|ruō]] “to rush”, which he traces to [[itc-pro|*rowe/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃rew-|t=to run, hurry]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius.^(de Vaan 2008) Cato uses it in his recipes: ''sale obruitō tōtam'' (pernam), “cover the whole ham with salt”, and of grapes buried in earth.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Obruō'' is to cover thickly (with salt, dust), to cover with earth, bury (also alive), and to bury under a mass of debris or snow (Cicero: the buried altars of the Albans, Livy).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Transferred, it is to crush or overwhelm an opponent (Cicero, of overwhelming Scaevola with arguments), to overwhelm with waves, to sink a ship or drown a person (Virgil: ''obrue puppēs''), and to overwhelm with troubles or business (Pacuvius: ''aerumnīs obruta'', Cicero).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lucretius once uses it intransitively, “to collapse”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “bury, overwhelm, cover over”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato: ''sale obruitō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius: ''aerumnīs obruta''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: ''obrue puppēs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cover over, smother (with).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|bury]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|overwhelm]], crush, [[m|en|overpower]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To sink (a ship), drown.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To overwhelm (with troubles); to conceal.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adobruo]]

+ * [[circumobruō]]

+ * [[exobruō]]

+ * [[inobrutus]]

+ * [[sēmiobrutus]]

+ * [[superobruō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ruō]]

+ * [[ruīna]]

+ * [[corruō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}