spolio Latin · revision 30759

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *spol(H)-i(o)-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈspɔ.li.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈspɔː.li.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''spoliō''' (present infinitive spoliāre, perfect active spoliāvī, supine spoliātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Ennius uses it once as a deponent, ''spolior''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|spolium|-ō|t1=hide stripped off; spoils]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces the noun to [[itc-pro|*spoli(o)-|t=skin, hide]] and [[ine-pro|*spol(H)-i(o)-|t=what is split or stripped off]], probably from a root ⟨*(s)pel(H)-⟩ “to split, cleave”; cognates are [[grc|σπολάς|tr=spolás|t=leather garment]], [[lt|spãlis|t=shive of flax]] and [[de|spalten|t=to cleave]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius, ''Annals'', of the dead after a battle: ''spoliantur eōs et corpora nūda relinquunt'', “they strip them and leave the bodies naked”.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan records the active verb from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The first sense is stripping someone of clothes (Livy: the consuls order a man stripped and the rods made ready), or a plant of its bark or leaves, and above all stripping a defeated enemy of his arms.^(OLD 2012) From this it came to mean robbing by violence (Cicero: many outraged, robbed and driven from their property), plundering places such as houses and temples, and depriving anyone of possessions or qualities: Cicero says that lyric poetry, stripped of its music, is left almost bare prose.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “strip, rob, plunder”,^(Stelten 1995) and Köbler records it in British medieval Latin about 1220.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of stripping the dead (deponent).^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of robbing people and plundering temples.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of stripping a man for flogging.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To strip of clothing; to strip (of bark or other natural covering).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To strip (a defeated enemy) of arms, [[m|en|despoil]]; to disarm.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|rob]] by violence.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|plunder]], [[m|en|pillage]] (places).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To deprive (of possessions or qualities).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cōnspoliō]]

+ * [[dēspoliō]]

+ * [[dispoliō]]

+ * [[exspoliō]]

+ * [[spoliābilis]]

+ * [[spoliātiō]]

+ * [[spoliātor]]

+ * [[spoliātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[spoliārium]]

+ * [[spoliātrīx]]

+ * [[spolium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}