aestas Latin · revision 30758

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂eydʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈae̯s.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛs.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aestās''' ''f'' (genitive aestātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*aissāt-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂eidʰ-teh₂t-|t=burning, heat]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*h₂eydʰ-|t=to burn]] of [[aedēs]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Most handbooks take its ⟨-st-⟩ as the regular outcome of /dʰt/, but de Vaan doubts it, since dental clusters usually gave /ss/; he prefers regular ⟨*aissāt-⟩ beside ⟨*aissu-⟩ ([[aestus]]), with the suffixes ⟨-tāt-⟩ and ⟨-tu-⟩ restored.^(de Vaan 2008) Hill derived the nouns from a reduplicated present, which de Vaan rejects.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognates of the root are [[grc|αἴθω|tr=aíthō|t=to burn]], [[sga|áed|t=fire]] and [[ang|ād|t=pyre]].^(de Vaan 2008) Varro derived the word from ⟨aestus⟩ “heat”, and Isidore explained it as if from ⟨usta⟩ “burnt”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Mostellaria'': someone has heard that the house has very good shade in summer (''umbram aestāte … perbonam'').^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Aestās'' is the warm part of the year, and one of the seasons: Ennius has ''aestātem autumnus sequitur'', “autumn follows summer”.^(OLD 2012) As the season for war it is the campaigning season (Sisenna, Caesar).^(OLD 2012) By extension it is the heat of summer (Horace's Faunus keeps the fiery summer from his goats), in Virgil the clear summer air through which bees “swim”, and, counting time, a year.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it simply “summer”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of shade in summer.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius names it among the seasons.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna of a campaigning season.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil counts years in summers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|summer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A [[m|en|campaign|alt=campaigning]] season.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Summer heat, summer weather;^(OLD 2012) ''(poetic)'' the summer air.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(poetic)'' A year.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aestīvus]]

+ * [[aestīvō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aedēs]]

+ * [[aestus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}