quando Latin · revision 30756

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *kʷo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkʷan.doː], [ˈkʷan.dɔ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈkʷan.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quandō̆''' ^(Wiktionary)

+ The Twelve Tables, Gaius and Festus have an older ''quandoc'', and an inscription spells it ''cuando''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Festus also reports an old ''quandōd''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|quam|t=how, as]] and a particle ⟨*dō⟩ “then, until”, also seen in [[m|la|dōnec]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary traces the second part to [[ine-pro|*doh₁]], an instrumental of ⟨*de⟩.^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it among the words built on the relative and interrogative stem of [[quī]], from [[ine-pro|*kʷo-]], the stem of [[osc|pam|t=than]] and [[xum|pane|t=when]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD compares [[sa|कदा|tr=kadā́|t=when?]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler lists it in the Twelve Tables, in the form ''quandoc''.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan records it from Livius Andronicus on, who has it as a relative: ''quandō diēs adveniet, quem profāta Morta est'', “when the day comes that Morta foretold”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Quandō'' asks “when?” in direct questions (Plautus: ''quandō hinc īre cōgitās Carthāginem?'', “when are you thinking of leaving for Carthage?”) and in indirect ones (Cicero), and as a relative means “at the time when”.^(OLD 2012) From the temporal sense came the causal one, “seeing that, since”, already in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) After ''sī'', ''nisi'', ''nē'' or ''num'' it is indefinite, “ever, at any time” (Ennius), and is sometimes written as one word with ''sī''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “when, at what time, some time, how long”, and as a conjunction “when, since, because”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables have ''quandoc''.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it as a relative.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it as an indefinite, “ever”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus in questions and in the causal sense.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(interrogative)'' At what time? [[m|en|when]]?^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(relative)'' At which time, when.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(indefinite, after [[sī]], [[nisi]], [[nē]], [[num]])'' Ever, at any time, some day.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # When, now that.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Seeing that, [[m|en|since]], [[m|en|because]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ecquandō]]

+ * [[quandōque]]

+ * [[quandōcumque]]

+ * [[quandōlibet]]

+ * [[aliquandō]]

+ * [[nēquandō]]

+ * [[sīquandō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quam]]

+ * [[dōnec]]

+ * [[quī]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}