vadum Latin · revision 30753

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *weh₂dʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈwa.dũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈvaː.dum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vadum''' ''n'' (genitive vadī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ A masculine ''vadus'' appears in Varro (quoted by Servius), Sallust and Fronto.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*waþo-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*uh₂dʰ-o-]], from the root [[m|ine-pro|*weh₂dʰ-|t=to advance, wade]] of [[vādō]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Its short vowel matches that of [[goh|watan|t=to wade]] and [[non|vaða|t=to wade]], while the long vowel of the verb matches Welsh; so de Vaan sets up a root present with ablaut, and perhaps a noun ⟨*uh₂dʰ-o-⟩ already in Proto-Indo-European.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognates are [[m|goh|wat|t=ford]], [[m|non|vað|t=ford]] and [[ang|wæd|t=water, lake]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Rudens'', of a girl thrown from a boat: ''at in vadōst, iam facile ēnābit'', “but she's in shallow water; she'll easily swim out”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Vadum'' is water shallow enough to wade, a shallow, and in a river a ford: Caesar notes that the Rhône can be crossed by ford in some places.^(OLD 2012) At sea it is a shoal where ships run aground, and also the bottom or bed of the sea, of wells, drains and rivers (Virgil's Neptune feels the waters stirred from their lowest beds).^(OLD 2012) Poets use the plural for the waters of sea or river, whatever their depth (Catullus: ''vada salsa'').^(OLD 2012) Grattius uses it, after Greek, for a passage in the body.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively a “shallow” can stand for safety or for danger, as for a boat in shallow water.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Döderlein groups it with [[solum]] and [[fundus]] as words for the natural ground or bottom of something.^(Döderlein 1874) In medieval Latin it is a river crossing or a ferry service.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of shallow water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of fords in the Rhône.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of the salt waters of the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the sea bed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|shallow]], shallow water; a [[m|en|ford]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A [[m|en|shoal]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The bottom or bed (of the sea, a river, a well).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic, usually plural)'' The waters of sea or river.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A shallow, as a place of safety or of danger.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A river crossing, a ferry service.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vadōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vadō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}