inimicitia Latin · revision 30747

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₃mh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪ.nɪ.miːˈkɪ.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [i.ni.miˈt͡ʃit.t͡si.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inimīcitia''' ''f'' (genitive inimīcitiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|inimīcus|-ia|t1=unfriendly; enemy]], as [[m|la|amīcitia]] is from [[m|la|amīcus]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The adjective is the negative of ⟨amīcus⟩, which de Vaan derives with [[m|la|amō|t=to love]] from [[itc-pro|*ama-|t=to take, hold]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃mh₃-|t=to take hold of]]: “to take someone's hand” became “to regard as a friend”.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognates are [[sga|námae|t=enemy]] and [[grc|ὄμνυμι|tr=ómnumi|t=to swear]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius, in a tragedy, has the singular: ''amīcitiam atque inimīcitiam in frontem promptam gerō'', “I wear friendship and enmity openly on my brow”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan records it from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is mostly plural, often with singular meaning: ''inimīcitiae'' are a state of enmity between individuals, which one could “take up” (''capere'', Terence, ''suscipere'', Cicero) against someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) The TLL cites Caesar's ''De analogia'', reported by Gellius, on its use in the plural.^(TLL) The singular means the feeling of ill will, hostility or dislike (Ennius, Cicero).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Döderlein contrasts [[odium]] and [[invidia]], the feeling of aversion, with ''inimīcitia'' and [[simultās]], the outward state that the feeling produces.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “enmity”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin it is a private war, a blood feud.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has the singular.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''inimīcitiās capere''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''inimīcitiās suscipere''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(usually plural)'' [[m|en|enmity]], [[m|en|hostility]], a feud.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(singular)'' Ill will, [[m|en|dislike]], hatred.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A private war, [[m|en|blood feud]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[inimīcus]]

+ * [[amīcitia]]

+ * [[amō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}