passim Latin · revision 30743

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *pt-n(é)-h₂-}}

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''passim''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is an adverb in [[m|la|-tim]] (⟨-im⟩) formed on ⟨passus⟩, the participle of [[m|la|pandō|t=to spread out]], literally “in a scattered way”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces the verb to the nasal present [[ine-pro|*pt-n(é)-h₂-|t=to spread]], cognate with [[osc|patensíns|t=they might open]] and [[grc|πίτνημι|tr=pítnēmi|t=to spread out]]; the participle ⟨passus⟩ goes back to ⟨*patto-⟩, with the full grade of [[pateō]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius, ''Annals'', of victors overcome by sleep after wine, ''in campō passim'', “scattered over the plain”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan records it from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The first sense is “in a scattered way, here and there”; then “in every part, all over” (Accius) and “in every direction” (Catullus: each went off ''vagō passim pede'').^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Cato already uses it for what happens without order or distinction, “indiscriminately, at random”, of Roman citizens enrolled as rowers and sold.^(OLD 2012) Brutus contrasts himself with Antony: ''ille iit passim, ego ōrdinātim'', “he went anyhow, I in order”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

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+ Church Latin glosses it “here and there, far and wide, up and down, everywhere”.^(Stelten 1995) In modern scholarly English ''passim'' marks a word or subject found in many places in a work.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of sleepers scattered over the plain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato in the sense “indiscriminately”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius in the sense “all over the place”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In a scattered way, [[m|en|here and there]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|everywhere]], all over; in every direction.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Without order, indiscriminately, at [[m|en|random]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pandō]]

+ * [[passus]]

+ * [[pateō]]

+ * [[en|passim]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}