gelidus Latin · revision 30735

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *ǵel-u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡɛ.lɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈd͡ʒɛː.li.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gelidus''' (feminine gelida, neuter gelidum, comparative gelidior, superlative gelidissimus, adverb gelidē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Lucretius has the archaic genitive ''gelidāī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|gelū|-idus|t1=frost, cold]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces the noun to [[itc-pro|*gelus]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵel-u-|t=cold, frost, ice]], cognate with [[got|𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃|tr=kalds|t=cold]] and [[ang|calan|t=to freeze]]; by sound change ⟨*gelu-⟩ should have become ⟨*golu-⟩, and he assumes the ⟨e⟩ was restored from the adjective.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato, ''De agri cultura'', warns against working timber that is not dry, frozen (''gelidam'') or wet with dew.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Gelidus'' is icy cold, of weather and places (Accius' “cold snows”), the northern sky, creatures numb with cold, and water (Cicero).^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is stronger than [[frīgidus]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) Used of what should be warm, it is the chill of death (Lucretius), of an altar whose fire is out, of blood frozen by fear (Virgil: ''gelidus formīdine sanguis'') and slowed by old age.^(OLD 2012) In a good sense it is refreshingly cold, of springs.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary adds “chilling”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ English ''gelid'' “very cold” dates from about 1600.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of frozen timber.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of cold snows.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of limbs cold in death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of blood frozen by fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1600 – English [[m|en|gelid]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|icy]], ice-cold, [[m|en|frosty]]; frozen.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Cold in death;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(of blood)'' chilled by fear or age; chilling.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Refreshingly cold.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ēgelidus]]

+ * [[gelidē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gelō]]

+ * [[gelum]]

+ * [[gelū]]

+ * [[en|gelid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}