journal English · revision 3072

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1355–56|origins=la diēs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈdʒɜː.nᵊl/, US /ˈdʒɝː.nᵊl/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|journal]],^(MWU 2024) [[bor|xno|jurnal|t=a day, a day's work]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and Old French journal, the noun use of an adjective meaning “daily”,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) from [[la-lat|diurnālis|t=daily]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[la|diurnus|t=of the day]],^(MWU 2024) from [[m|la|diēs|t=day]],^(Etymonline)^(Cresswell 2021) from [[ine-pro|*dyeu-|t=to shine]].^(Etymonline) It is a doublet of [[diurnal]],^(Barnhart 1988) and is related to [[journey]].^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A church service book containing the day-hours of prayer: 1355–56.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the Middle Ages a journal listed the times of the daily prayers.^(Cresswell 2021) A book of the daily stages of a route is from 1552,^(OED 1989) a book of daily accounts from the late 15th century,^(Etymonline) and a daily record of public transactions from 1565.^(Barnhart 1988) A personal diary is from about 1600 in Etymonline^(Etymonline) and 1610 in Barnhart.^(Barnhart 1988) A daily newspaper is from 1728, in Pope's ''Dunciad'',^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and then any periodical.^(Barnhart 1988) The machinery sense, the part of a shaft that turns in a bearing, is from the 19th century, and its development is unexplained.^(Hoad 1986) ''Journalist'' is from 1693,^(Barnhart 1988) and ''journalism'' from 1833, from French journalisme.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1355–56 – a service book of the day-hours.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1552 – an itinerary.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1565 – a record of public transactions.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1610 – a personal diary.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1693 – ''journalist''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1728 – a daily newspaper.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1833 – ''journalism''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A regular personal record of events and thoughts; a [[diary]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # An official daily record of proceedings, as of a [[legislature]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A newspaper or [[periodical]], especially a scholarly one.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(accounting)'' A book in which transactions are first entered.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(machinery)'' The part of a shaft or axle that turns in a [[bearing]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To record in a journal.^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[journalese]]

+ * [[journalistic]]

+ * [[journalize]]

+ * [[journalism]]

+ * [[journalist]]

+ * [[journal box]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[diary]]

+ * [[diurnal]]

+ * [[journey]]

+ * [[journeyman]]

+ * [[adjourn]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}