porrigo Latin · revision 30719

+ {{homograph|1|stretch out}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *h₃reǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpɔr.rɪ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpɔr.ri.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''porrigō''' (present infinitive porrigere, perfect active porrēxī, supine porrēctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also contracted to ''porgō'' (Ennius, Plautus, Virgil).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Festus has the spelling ''porigam''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb is formed from the prefix [[m|la|por-|t=forth]] and [[m|la|regō|t=to direct, guide]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces ⟨regō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*reg-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃reǵ-e/o-|t=to stretch, direct]], cognate with [[grc|ὀρέγω|tr=orégō|t=to stretch out, reach]] and [[sa|ऋञ्जति|tr=r̥ñjáti|t=stretches, directs]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Livius Andronicus, in a tragedy, prays ''porrige, opitulā!'', “reach out, help!”.^(OLD 2012) Plautus, ''Pseudolus'': ''iamdūdum, sī dēs, porrēxī manum'', “I've been holding out my hand for a while, if you'll give”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Porrigō'' is to stretch out the limbs, to lay someone out at full length in sleep or death (Virgil), and to extend something in a given direction, such as a battle line (''Bellum Africum'') or the sea spreading its waters (Ovid).^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to prolong time (Ovid of the winter hours), to lengthen a vowel or syllable (Quintilian), and to extend one's range (Horace).^(OLD 2012) Above all it is to hold out the hand, to reach for something, and to hold out for another to take, to offer: Cicero finds it foolish to refuse good things from the gods who offer them.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “extend, stretch out, hold out, reach out, spread out, present”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''porrect'' (early 15th century) comes from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus: ''porrige, opitulā!''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of holding out a hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of gods offering good things.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian of lengthening a syllable.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stretch out, [[m|en|extend]]; to lay out at full length.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To spread out, extend (in a direction).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To prolong;^(OLD 2012) ''(grammar)'' to lengthen (a vowel).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To hold out, reach out (the hand).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|offer]], present.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exporrigō]]

+ * [[porrēctiō]]

+ * [[reporrigō]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|dandruff}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=unknown|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɔrˈriː.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [porˈriː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''porrīgō''' ''f'' (genitive porrīginis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is of unknown origin; it has the suffix [[m|la|-īgō]] of names of diseases.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary finds a link with [[m|la|porrum|t=leek]] or [[m|la|porrō|t=forward]] unlikely, and Köbler thinks it was partly confused with [[m|la|prūrīgō|t=itch]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it from Lucilius on.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Porrīgō'' is scurf or dandruff on the head, in the medical writers Celsus and Scribonius Largus, in Pliny's remedies and in Horace;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Scribonius also uses it of other hairy parts of the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of animals it is perhaps the mange: Juvenal speaks of the ''porrīgō'' of pigs.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “dandruff, itch, lice”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of scurf on the head.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal of the mange of pigs.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|scurf]], [[m|en|dandruff]]; a scaly skin condition.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(of animals)'' Perhaps the [[m|en|mange]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[porrīginōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[regō]]

+ * [[ērigō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}