subduco Latin · revision 30716

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la sub-, ine-pro *dewk-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊbˈduː.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [subˈduː.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subdūcō''' (present infinitive subdūcere, perfect active subdūxī, supine subductum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative^(Wiktionary)

+ Terence has the syncopated perfect ''subdūxtī'' for ''subdūxistī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|sub-|dūcō|t1=under, from below|t2=to lead, draw]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|dūcō]] to [[itc-pro|*doukō]] and [[ine-pro|*deuk-e/o-|t=to draw]], cognate with [[got|𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽|tr=tiuhan|t=to draw]] and [[cy|dygaf|t=I lead, bring]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus, ''Aulularia'': a cook jokes that the cooks may as well cook the dinner down a well and then draw it up in baskets (''sūsum subdūcēmus corbulīs''), in the sense “to draw up, raise”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Upwards, it is to draw up or raise, and above all to haul ships up onto the beach (Plautus, Caesar); Turpilius has eyebrows drawn up in a frown.^(OLD 2012) From underneath, it is to pull something away from below: Cato tells the cook to take the fire from under the wine when it boils, and Plautus has a river sweep a kidnapper's feet from under him.^(OLD 2012) From this came drawing off or withdrawing: troops from a position (Cato), a person from a danger (Virgil: Venus could snatch Aeneas from the Greeks), and, with the reflexive, slipping away unnoticed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Taking away secretly gave “to steal”, and drawing up a column of figures gave the sense of reckoning or balancing an account, as in Cicero's ''subductā ratiōne'', “when the account has been made up”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “draw from under, take away, purge, calculate, take by stealth”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''subdue'' comes from it through Old French, and ''subduct'' directly from its participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of drawing up and of hauling a boat ashore.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of drawing off troops and of taking a fire from under a pot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of rescuing Aeneas.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|subdue]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1570s – English [[m|en|subduct]] “subtract”, from the participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To draw up, raise, lift; to [[m|en|haul]] (ships) up onto land, [[m|en|beach]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To draw or pull away from underneath.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To draw off;^(OLD 2012) ''(medicine)'' to purge (the bowels).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|withdraw]] (persons, troops); ''(reflexive)'' to slip away, steal off.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To rescue, [[m|en|extricate]] (from danger).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To take away secretly, [[m|en|steal]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|reckon]], calculate, balance (an account).^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[subductārius]]

+ * [[subductiō]]

+ * [[subductus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[abdūcō]]

+ * [[addūcō]]

+ * [[circumdūcō]]

+ * [[condūcō]]

+ * [[dēdūcō]]

+ * [[dīdūcō]]

+ * [[dūcō]]

+ * [[ēdūcō]]

+ * [[indūcō]]

+ * [[intrōdūcō]]

+ * [[en|subdue]]

+ * [[en|subduct]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}