lugeo Latin · revision 30707

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɫuː.ɡe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈluː.d͡ʒe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lūgeō''' (present infinitive lūgēre, perfect active lūxī, supine lūctum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Catullus has the syncopated ''lūxtī'' for ''lūxistī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Its origin is disputed.^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan derives it from [[itc-pro|*loug-eje-]] and [[ine-pro|*loug-eie-|t=to swallow, gasp]], comparing [[grc|λύζω|tr=lúzō|t=to hiccup, sob]], [[m|grc|λυγμός|tr=lugmós|t=hiccup, sobbing]] and [[sga|loingid|t=eats]]: mourning would have been named from sobbing.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD and Wiktionary instead compare [[grc|λευγαλέος|tr=leugaléos|t=wretched]] and [[m|grc|λυγρός|tr=lugrós|t=mournful]], and Wiktionary derives it from [[ine-pro|*lewǵ-|t=to break, injure]], with a shift to “be in pain”, cognate with [[sa|रुजति|tr=rujáti|t=breaks]] and [[lt|láužti|t=to break]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) The epitaph of Plautus says that after his death Comedy mourns (''Cōmoedia lūget'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Used without an object it is to mourn or grieve, and especially to be in formal mourning: Livy says that after Cannae mourners could not perform the rites, and no matron was without mourning.^(OLD 2012) With an object it is to bewail or lament a person or event (Cicero: he grieved at the death of enemies), or, with an accusative and infinitive, to lament that something happened.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short give [[plōrō]] as a near-synonym.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Suetonius records it as the word for the cry of a kite.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “lament, bewail, grieve, mourn over”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of grieving over a death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of public mourning after Cannae.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|mourn]], grieve, [[m|en|lament]]; to be in mourning.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|bewail]], mourn over (a person or event).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(of a kite)'' To cry.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[collūgeō]]

+ * [[ēlūgeō]]

+ * [[lūctus]]

+ * [[lūgubris]]

+ * [[prōlūgeō]]

+ * [[sublūgeō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}