depello Latin · revision 30703

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la dē-, ine-pro *pelh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈpɛl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈpɛl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēpellō''' (present infinitive dēpellere, perfect active dēpulī, supine dēpulsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' has an archaic participle ''dēpultus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|dē-|pellō|t1=away, down|t2=to push, drive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|pellō]] to [[itc-pro|*pelna-]] and [[ine-pro|*pl-n(e)-h₂-|t=to approach]], cognate with [[grc|πίλναμαι|tr=pílnamai|t=to approach]] and [[xum|ampentu]] in an Umbrian sacrificial formula; the meaning shifted from “bring near” to “push, drive”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro uses it of weaning piglets, when they are ''dēpulsī ā mammā''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to drive off or away, especially enemy forces, and to push something aside: Cicero says a runner may not trip or push away his rival, and that clothing was invented to keep out the cold.^(OLD 2012) In medicine it is to drive something out of the body.^(OLD 2012) It also means driving animals to a place, thrusting down what stands upright (Cicero's statues of the gods thrown down), and expelling people from their homes or posts.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to avert a danger, deter or dissuade.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “drive away, dispel, keep from”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of weaning piglets.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of warding off cold and of statues thrown down.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of dismissing a wife.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To drive off, [[m|en|repel]] (especially enemy forces); to dislodge.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To push away; to [[m|en|wean]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To ward off, [[m|en|avert]], dispel.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To thrust down.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|expel]], turn out; to dismiss.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To deter, dissuade.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēpulsiō]]

+ * [[dēpulsor]]

+ * [[dēpulsō]]

+ * [[dēpulsōrius]]

+ * [[dēpulsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[appellō]]

+ * [[aspellō]]

+ * [[compellō]]

+ * [[dispellō]]

+ * [[expellō]]

+ * [[impellō]]

+ * [[interpellō]]

+ * [[pellō]]

+ * [[perpellō]]

+ * [[prōpellō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}