repugno Latin · revision 30701

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=220–130 BC, Pacuvius|origins=la re-, la pugna}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈpʊŋ.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈpuɲ.ɲo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''repugnō''' (present infinitive repugnāre, perfect active repugnāvī, supine repugnātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|re-|pugnō|t1=back, against|t2=to fight]].^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) ⟨pugnō⟩ is from [[m|la|pugna|t=fight]], which de Vaan groups with [[m|la|pugnus|t=fist]] and [[m|la|pungō|t=to prick]] under [[itc-pro|*pung-]] and [[ine-pro|*pu-n(e)-g/k-]], cognate with [[grc|πύξ|tr=púx|t=with the fist]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Pacuvius, in a tragedy: ''repugnantī ego porrō hunc vī dētrāxī ungulum'', “as he resisted, I tore this ring off him by force”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to fight back and defend oneself, as Caesar's soldiers resisted bravely while their strength was fresh.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is used of natural forces, and of political opposition, as when the conservatives opposed Gaius Gracchus' grain law (Cicero).^(OLD 2012) Inwardly it is to struggle against an impulse, or against doing something, and to strive to prevent something.^(OLD 2012) In argument it is to object or protest, often in the polite ''nōn repugnābō'', “I will not object”, and, of things, to be inconsistent with each other (Lucretius: the senses would fight against the senses).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “resist, disagree with, fight against, deny”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''repugn'' came through Old French in the late 14th century;^(Etymonline) ''repugnant'' is from the present participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of a man fighting back.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of arguments that contradict themselves.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of political opposition and of reason resisting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|repugn]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fight back, [[m|en|resist]], defend oneself.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To struggle (against an impulse or influence); to strive to prevent.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|object]], protest, argue against.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(of things)'' To be [[m|en|inconsistent]] or incompatible.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To be unmoved (by entreaties); ''(of fate)'' to stand against.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[repugnantia]]

+ * [[repugnātiō]]

+ * [[repugnātōrius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pugnō]]

+ * [[pugna]]

+ * [[en|repugnant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}