angustia Latin · revision 30699

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=ine-pro *h₂emǵʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [aŋˈɡʊs.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [aŋˈɡus.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''angustia''' ''f'' (genitive angustiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is usually plural, ''angustiae''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|angustus|-ia|t1=narrow]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|angustus]] from an s-stem noun, [[itc-pro|*angos-]] “narrowness”, from the root of [[m|la|angō|t=to squeeze, choke]], [[ine-pro|*h₂emǵʰ-|t=to tie, tighten]]; cognates are [[grc|ἄγχω|tr=ánkhō|t=to squeeze, strangle]], [[sa|अंहु|tr=aṃhú-|t=narrow]] and [[goh|angust|t=fear]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(Köbler 2010) In Cicero's letters a pass is easily blocked with small garrisons ''propter angustiās'', “because of its narrowness”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal senses are lack of room, narrowness and crowding, and then a narrow place: a pass or defile (Caesar), an isthmus (Cicero calls Corinth placed “in the narrows and jaws of Greece”), a strait of the sea and a narrow passage in the body.^(OLD 2012) ''Angustiae ūrīnae'' is strangury.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Figuratively it is any restriction: confinement (Seneca's great minds chafe in the body's prison), a narrow meaning, shortness of time, and shortage of money or supplies, as in Cicero's ''aerāriī angustiīs'', “the straits of the treasury”.^(OLD 2012) From this came difficulty and distress, and in Church Latin anguish and, in the plural, tribulations and trials.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) English ''anguish'' comes from it through Old French ''anguisse''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a narrow pass, of Corinth's isthmus and of a short treasury.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of a defile.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1200 – English [[m|en|anguish]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|narrowness]], lack of room; crowding.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A narrow place: a pass, [[m|en|defile]], isthmus, [[m|en|strait]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Restriction; shortness (of time); shortage (of money or supplies), poverty.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Difficulty, distress;^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|anguish]];^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(plural)'' tribulations, trials.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[angustiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[angustus]]

+ * [[angustiōsus]]

+ * [[angō]]

+ * [[angor]]

+ * [[en|anguish]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}