perterreo Latin · revision 30692

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *tros-eie-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈtɛr.re.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈtɛr.re.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perterreō''' (present infinitive perterrēre, perfect active perterruī, supine perterritum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|per-|terreō|t1=thoroughly|t2=to frighten]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan follows LIV in tracing ⟨terreō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*tros-eje-|t=to scare]] and [[ine-pro|*tros-eie-|t=to make scared]], cognate with [[xum|tursitu|t=let him scare]], [[sa|त्रसन्ति|tr=trásanti|t=they tremble]], [[grc|τρέω|tr=tréō|t=to tremble, flee]] and [[lt|trišė́ti|t=to tremble]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL and de Vaan record it from Plautus on, followed by Terence and the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Perterreō'' is to frighten greatly, to terrify, and is used above all in the perfect participle ''perterritus'', “terrified”: Cicero's ''metū perterritī'' and ''obstupefactus ac perterritus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Caesar writes of terrifying others by the severity of punishments.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Servius notes that ''perterritus'' means no more than ''territus''.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it “terrify greatly, intimidate, frighten”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, its first recorded use.^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of terrifying by punishment.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''metū perterritī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|terrify]], frighten greatly, [[m|en|intimidate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[imperterritus]]

+ * [[perterrefaciō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[terreō]]

+ * [[terror]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}