coniuratio Latin · revision 30688

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *h₂oi-u}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔn.juːˈraː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kon.juˈrat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''coniūrātiō''' ''f'' (genitive coniūrātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''conjūrātiō''.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|coniūrō|-tiō|t1=to swear together, conspire]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb is formed from [[m|la|con-|t=together]] and [[m|la|iūrō|t=to swear]], which de Vaan explains as a denominative of [[iūs|t=law]], Proto-Italic ⟨*jowes-ā-je-⟩; he traces ⟨iūs⟩ through an s-stem to [[ine-pro|*h₂oi-u|t=vital force, eternity]], cognate with [[sa|आयुस्|tr=ā́yuṣ-|t=life, lifespan]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it from Cicero on, who has the ''Iugurthīnae coniūrātiōnis invidia'', the odium of the Jugurthine conspiracy.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The literal sense is a swearing together, an oath taken in common (Nepos) and a league of states (Caesar).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Servius explains that in a sudden war near the city, when there was no time for each man to swear separately, a ''coniūrātiō'' was held.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The usual Classical sense is a conspiracy, plot or intrigue, and by metonymy the band of conspirators: Cicero speaks of ''istam coniūrātiōnem perditōrum hominum'', “that gang of ruined men”.^(OLD 2012) Servius notes that the word could also be used of a good cause, and so was ambiguous.^(TLL)

+

+ In medieval Latin it is a sworn association, especially the commune of a town, an adjuration, and a magic formula.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''conjuration'' (late 14th century) first meant a conspiracy and then the calling up of spirits.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the conspiracy of Catiline.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of a league of states.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos of an oath taken in common.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 400 AD – Servius on the oath taken together in an emergency.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|conjuration]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A swearing together; a league, confederacy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|conspiracy]], [[m|en|plot]], intrigue.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A band of conspirators.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A sworn association; a town [[m|en|commune]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An [[m|en|adjuration]]; a magic formula.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[coniūrātus]]

+ * [[coniūrō]]

+ * [[iūrō]]

+ * [[iūs]]

+ * [[en|conjuration]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}