incito Latin · revision 30683

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 50 BC, Caesar|origins=la cieō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɪŋ.kɪ.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈin̠ʲ.t͡ʃi.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incitō''' (present infinitive incitāre, perfect active incitāvī, supine incitātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|in-|citō|t2=to set in motion]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) ⟨citō⟩ is the frequentative that replaced [[cieō|t=to stir, move]], which became obsolete in Classical Latin; de Vaan derives ⟨cieō⟩ and its participle ⟨citus⟩ from an aorist [[ine-pro|*(ḱ)ei(h₂)-|t=to start to move]], cognate with [[grc|κίνυμαι|tr=kínumai|t=to be moved]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are Caesar, of a man who spurred his horse against the enemy (''incitātō equō''), and Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Incitō'' is to make something move faster, to urge on, with the proverb ''currentem incitāre'', “to spur a willing horse”; and to set in rapid motion, of the revolving sky (Cicero), with ''sē incitāre'' “to rush”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Catullus uses it of stimulating desire and provoking a sparrow's bites, Columella of promoting a vine's growth.^(OLD 2012) It is to intensify and increase, to arouse feelings, and above all to rouse and encourage people (Cicero: the people already eager were roused more strongly), to incite them to anger or hatred, to provoke, and to stir up revolt.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''incitāre'', urging an inactive person by bidding or calling on him, usually to something laudable, like [[hortor|alt=hortārī]], from [[īnstīgō|alt=īnstīgāre]], spurring on a reluctant person with promises or threats, and [[irrītō|alt=irrītāre]], inflaming a quiet person's passions.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “cry out loudly, incite, provoke”.^(Stelten 1995) English ''incite'' (mid-15th century) came from Old French ''inciter''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of spurring a horse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the revolving sky and of rousing the people.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of a sparrow provoked to bite.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English [[m|en|incite]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To speed up, [[m|en|urge]] on, hasten;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(reflexive)'' to rush.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To set in rapid motion.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To stimulate; to promote the growth of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To intensify, increase.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To arouse (feelings); to rouse, encourage, [[m|en|incite]] (to).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|provoke]] to anger; to stir up to revolt.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[incitābilis]]

+ * [[incitābulum]]

+ * [[incitāmentum]]

+ * [[incitātiō]]

+ * [[incitātor]]

+ * [[incitatrix]]

+ * [[incitātē]]

+ * [[incitātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[citō]]

+ * [[concitō]]

+ * [[excitō]]

+ * [[oscitō]]

+ * [[recitō]]

+ * [[cieō]]

+ * [[en|incite]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}