stuprum Latin · revision 30674

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *stup-ro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈstʊ.prũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈstuː.prum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stuprum''' ''n'' (genitive stuprī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*stup-ro-|t=struck, hit]], [[inh|ine-pro|*stup-ro-]], from the root of [[stupeō]], ⟨*stup-eh₁-⟩ “to hit, push”: what is struck or stunned became what is dishonoured.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognates are [[grc|τύπτω|tr=túptō|t=to hit, strike]], [[m|grc|τύπος|tr=túpos|t=blow, impression]], [[xlu|dūp(a)i-|t=to strike]] and [[sq|shtyp|t=to crush]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD calls the etymology doubtful, comparing ⟨stupeō⟩, the Greek verb and [[ofs|stūpa|t=public flogging]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and de Vaan record it from Naevius on.^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008) Its old sense “dishonour, shame” is in a saying of Appius Claudius: ''nē quid fraudis stuprīque ferōcia pariat'', “lest arrogance breed deceit or disgrace”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that the general sense “dishonour, disgrace”, which Festus reports from the ancients, is only ante-classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) From Plautus on it is illicit sexual intercourse of any kind, forced or not (Alcmena protests at being accused by her husband ''probrī, stuprī, dēdecoris''), and Cicero sets ''stupra'' beside adulteries as distinct offences.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “violation, dishonour, disgrace, debauchery, lewdness, immorality, defilement”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius, its first recorded use.^(Köbler 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of illicit intercourse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero distinguishes ''stupra'' from adulteries.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(ante-classical)'' [[m|en|dishonour]], [[m|en|disgrace]], shame.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Illicit sexual intercourse, [[m|en|debauchery]]; a violation, rape.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stuprō]]

+ * [[stuprōsus]]

+ * [[cōnstuprātor]]

+ * [[cōnstuprō]]

+ * [[stuprātor]]

+ * [[stuprē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stupeō]]

+ * [[stupidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}