urbanus Latin · revision 30646

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=la urbs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ʊrˈbaː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [urˈbaː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''urbānus''' (feminine urbāna, neuter urbānum, comparative urbānior, superlative urbānissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|urbs|-ānus|t1=city]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) The origin of [[m|la|urbs]] is unclear: de Vaan reports Driessen's view that it first meant an enclosed area for taking the auspices, comparing [[xum|uerfale]], and reconstructs ⟨*u(o)rbh-(i-)⟩ “enclosure”; the older comparisons with [[m|la|orbis|t=circle]] and with roots for “enclosure” or “fortress” are rejected.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler records it in the Twelve Tables;^(Köbler 2010) de Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''mollitia urbāna atque umbra corpus candidumst'', “a body made white by city softness and the shade”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Urbānus'' is “of the city”, especially of Rome, as opposed to ''rūsticus'': the ''legiōnēs urbānae'' were the reserve legions kept at Rome, and the ''praetor urbānus'' administered justice in the city.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of people and their manners it is “having the style of the city”, refined, polished, elegant, and also “self-assured”, free of a countryman's shame, even “bold, forward”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) As a noun ''urbānī'' are the city-dwellers.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “urbane, urban, of the city”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin it also meant “civil”, “personally free” and “of a castle”, and as a noun an inhabitant of a castle or a member of its garrison.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|urbane]] (1530s) comes from it, partly through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – In the Twelve Tables.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''mollitia urbāna''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the ''praetor urbānus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English [[m|en|urbane]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of the city, [[m|en|urban]] (especially of Rome).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''praetor urbānus'', the city praetor, ''legiōnēs urbānae'', the reserve legions at Rome.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Refined, polished, elegant, [[m|en|urbane]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Self-assured; bold, forward.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Civil; free; of a castle.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A city-dweller.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An inhabitant of a castle, a member of its garrison.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[anteurbanus]]

+ * [[inurbānus]]

+ * [[perurbānus]]

+ * [[pseudourbānus]]

+ * [[suburbānus]]

+ * [[urbānātim]]

+ * [[urbāniciānus]]

+ * [[urbānicius]]

+ * [[urbānitās]]

+ * [[urbānē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[urbicapus]]

+ * [[urbicārius]]

+ * [[urbicremus]]

+ * [[urbicus]]

+ * [[urbs]]

+ * [[rūsticus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}