ripa Latin · revision 3064

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁reyp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈriː.pa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈriː.pa]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rīpa''' ''f'' (genitive rīpae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*reipā-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₁reip-h₂-|t=steep slope]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD gives the connection as possible.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cognate with [[grc|ἐρίπνη|tr=erípnē|t=steep slope, cliff]], [[m|grc|ἐρείπω|tr=ereípō|t=to throw down]] and [[non|rífa|t=to tear down]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) and Ennius uses it of a river bank.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the [[m|en|bank]] of a river or stream, as in Caesar, and in poetry also the seashore, as in Horace.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Plautus used it figuratively.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it for a rock face or mountain slope,^(Niermeyer 1976) and British writers also for an embankment or dyke and the slope of a hill.^(DMLBS) It survives as Italian ''ripa'' and ''riva'', French ''rive'', Spanish and Portuguese ''riba'', and Romanian ''râpă'', and Spanish ''arriba'' “up” is also from it.^(Wiktionary) English ''river'' came through Anglo-French from a derivative of it in the early 13th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it of a river bank.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of the banks of rivers.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of the seashore.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English ''river'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|bank]] of a river.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(poetic)'' The [[m|en|shore]] (of the sea).^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A rock face, slope.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An embankment, dyke.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rīpārius]]

+ * [[rīpēnsis]]

+ * [[rīpula]]

+ * [[adrīpō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|river]]

+ * [[en|riparian]]

+ * [[en|arrive]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein and Lewis and Short distinguish ''ripa'', the bank of a river, from ''litus'' and ''ora'', the shore of the sea.^(Döderlein 1874)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}