divido Latin · revision 3059

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dwóh₁}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdiː.wɪ.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdiː.vi.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dīvidō''' (present infinitive dīvidere, perfect active dīvīsī, supine dīvīsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*dis-wi-þ-e/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*(d)ui-dʰh₁-|t=to divide in two, separate]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The old verb lost its initial /d/ by dissimilation before the next dental and was strengthened with [[dis-]], another form of the word for “twice”.^(de Vaan 2008) Georges connects [[viduus]] “bereft” with the same root.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Cognate with [[sa|अविधत्|tr=ávidhat|t=allotted]] and [[txb|wätk-|t=to separate, decide]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD also compares [[xum|vetu|t=let him divide]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) whose cook complains of the steward “who ought to have shared out the money”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to [[m|en|divide]] something physically, to cleave or split, and to divide into parts or sections, as Varro's dung heap in two parts.^(OLD 2012) Boundaries and rivers were said to divide land, and death divided people, as Horace's Hector and Achilles.^(OLD 2012) ''Dividere sententiam'' was to split a motion so that each part could be voted on.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant to share out or distribute, as Cato's booty divided man by man, to sort, to classify, as Plato divided nature in three, and to set people at odds.^(OLD 2012) Medieval music theory used it for separating tetrachords.^(LmL) It survives as Italian ''dividere'', Spanish and Portuguese ''dividir'', Romanian ''divide'' and French ''diviser''.^(Wiktionary) English ''divide'' is from the early 14th century and ''division'' from the late 14th.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for sharing out money.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it for dividing booty.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it for dividing into parts.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the soul passing through the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 14th century – English ''divide'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|divide]], split, cleave.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To divide up (into parts).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To separate (people).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''dividere sententiam'' To divide a motion (for voting).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To share out, [[m|en|distribute]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To sort; to classify.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To estrange.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dīvidus]]

+ * [[dīviduus]]

+ * [[dīvīsē]]

+ * [[dīvīsibilis]]

+ * [[dīvīsim]]

+ * [[dīvīsiō]]

+ * [[dīvīsor]]

+ * [[dīvīsūra]]

+ * [[dīvīsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dīvidia]]

+ * [[viduus]]

+ * [[en|divide]]

+ * [[en|division]]

+ * [[en|individual]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''dividere'' and ''dirimere'', breaking up a whole, from ''partiri'', dividing it in order to share the parts.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}