rise English · revision 3054

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 830|origins=gem-pro *rīsaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /raɪz/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|risen]], [[inh|ang|rīsan|t=to rise from sleep, stand up]], usually in ārīsan or gerīsan,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[gem-pro|*rīsaną|alt=*us-rīsanan]], “to go up”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) the source also of Old Saxon and Old High German rīsan, Dutch rijzen, German reisen “to travel”, Old Norse rísa and Gothic urreisan.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) The OED and Hoad find no related words outside Germanic,^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) and Boutkan suggests a lost European substrate language;^(Etymonline) Barnhart and Merriam-Webster compare Latin orīrī “to rise” and Greek óros “mountain”.^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) It is related to [[raise]].^(Barnhart 1988) The noun is from the verb.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old English ārīsan, before 830.^(Barnhart 1988) Middle English risen, “to rebel”, is from 1135,^(Barnhart 1988) and “to get up, ascend” from before 1200.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the late 12th century it also meant “to rise from the dead”.^(Etymonline) About 1200 it meant to move upward, to increase, to prosper, and of the sun or stars, to appear above the horizon.^(Etymonline) Of rivers and seas, “to increase in height”, is from about 1300,^(Etymonline) “to originate” by the mid-13th century, and “to happen” from the early 14th.^(Etymonline) The noun meant a rebellion about 1400,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) rising ground about 1440,^(Barnhart 1988) and upward movement about 1573.^(Barnhart 1988)^(OED 1989) A rise in wages is by 1836.^(Etymonline) ''Give rise to'' is from 1705,^(Etymonline) and ''get a rise out of'', probably from a fish rising to the bait, by 1829.^(Etymonline) ''Rise and shine'', “get up”, is by 1916.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 830 – Old English ārīsan.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1135 – to rebel.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * before 1200 – to get up, ascend.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1200 – to increase; of the sun.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1400 – noun, a rebellion.^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1440 – rising ground.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1705 – ''give rise to''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1836 – a pay rise.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stand up after lying, sitting or kneeling; to get out of bed.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To move upwards; to [[ascend]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To increase in level, amount, value or intensity.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Of the sun or moon, to appear above the [[horizon]].^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # To [[rebel]]: ''rise up against''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # To come into existence; to [[originate]].^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # An upward movement or increase.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # An increase in pay.^(Collins 2023)^(Etymonline)

+ # A piece of rising ground; a slope.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1988)

+ # A beginning or origin: ''give rise to''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arise]]

+ * [[uprise]]

+ * [[rerise]]

+ * [[uprising]]

+ * [[self-rising]]

+ * [[earthrise]]

+ * [[moonrise]]

+ * [[sunrise]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[raise]]

+ * [[riser]]

+ * [[rising]]

+ * [[rear]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The past tense is ''rose'' and the past participle ''risen''.^(Hoad 1986)^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}