patient English · revision 3052

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1320|origins=la patior}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ˈpeɪ.ʃᵊnt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|pacient]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) [[bor|fro|pacient]],^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) and directly [[der|la|patiēns|t=bearing, suffering, enduring]],^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) present participle of [[m|la|patī|t=to suffer]].^(MWU 2024)^(NODE 1998) The noun is from the Old French noun use of the adjective.^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) It is related to [[patience]], [[passion]] and [[passive]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Enduring pain or trouble calmly: about 1320–40 in the OED,^(OED 1989) about 1350 in Barnhart,^(Barnhart 1988) and the mid-14th century in Etymonline.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “Slow to anger, forbearing” is from 1377,^(OED 1989) the late 14th century in Etymonline,^(Etymonline) and “calmly expectant, not hasty” from 1382.^(OED 1989) The noun, a sick or injured person under medical treatment, is from the late 14th century; in Middle English it could also be anyone who suffered patiently.^(Etymonline) Persevering in spite of difficulty is from 1590.^(OED 1989) “Undergoing the action of another, passive”, correlative to [[agent]], is from about 1611,^(OED 1989) and grammarians use ''patient'' for the person or thing affected by an action (1939).^(OED 1989) In old Scots ''a patient of death'' was a death agony.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1320–40 – enduring calmly.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1377 – forbearing.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1382 – calmly expectant.^(OED 1989)

+ * late 14th century – noun, a person under medical care.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1590 – persevering.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1611 – passive, acted upon.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Able to bear delay, trouble or suffering calmly.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Tolerant and understanding.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Steady and [[persevering]]: ''patient research''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A person receiving medical care or treatment.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(grammar)'' The person or thing that undergoes an action.^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[patiently]]

+ * [[patientless]]

+ * [[patientness]]

+ * [[overpatient]]

+ * [[unpatient]]

+ * [[superpatient]]

+ * [[inpatient]]

+ * [[outpatient]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[passion]]

+ * [[passionate]]

+ * [[passive]]

+ * [[passivity]]

+ * [[patience]]

+ * [[compatible]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}