demand English · revision 3034

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1280|origins=la dēmandō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /dɪˈmɑːnd/, US /dɪˈmænd/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is [[inh|enm|demaunde]],^(Barnhart 1988) [[bor|fro|demande]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[m|fro|demander|t=to request; to demand]].^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) The verb, Middle English demaunden, is [[bor|fro|demander]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) from [[la|dēmandāre|t=to entrust, charge with a commission]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) in Medieval Latin “to ask, request”,^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) from [[m|la|dē-|t=completely]] and [[m|la|mandāre|t=to order]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) the source of [[mandate]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The noun, “a question”: about 1280 in Barnhart^(Barnhart 1988) and the late 13th century in Etymonline;^(Etymonline) the OED's first example, “a claim made by right or authority”, is from about 1290.^(OED 1989) The verb is first found in the Wycliffe Bible, before 1382, as “to ask, make an inquiry”.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the verb, the sense “to ask for as a right” came from Anglo-French legal use, recorded there about 1292,^(Barnhart 1988) and is found in English from 1434,^(Barnhart 1988) or the early 15th century in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) It may have been helped by the Medieval Latin sense “to request”.^(Barnhart 1988) “To require as necessary”, of things, is by 1748.^(Etymonline) The noun meant a claim or exaction from about 1300.^(Etymonline) The economic sense, the desire to buy joined with the means to pay, is from 1776, in Adam Smith,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and paired with supply.^(Etymonline) “The state of being sought after” is from 1711,^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) and ''in demand'' from 1825;^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) ''on demand'' is from the 1690s.^(Etymonline) The older sense “a question” is now archaic.^(MW Collegiate)^(OED 1989) In Devon dialect ''demand'' meant “to overlook, command a view of”.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1280 – noun, a question.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * c. 1290 – a claim by right.^(OED 1989)

+ * before 1382 – verb, to ask.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1434 – verb, to ask as a right.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1690s – ''on demand''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1711 – the state of being sought after.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1748 – verb, to require as necessary.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1776 – economic demand.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+ * 1825 – ''in demand''.^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To ask for urgently or with authority.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To [[claim]] as due or just.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To ask to be told: ''she demanded the reason''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # To [[require]] as necessary: ''the job demands patience''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(law)'' To summon to court, or to lay formal claim to.^(AHD)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # An urgent or authoritative request, or something claimed.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # The state of being sought after: ''in great demand''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(economics)'' The desire and ability to buy goods or services, or the amount wanted at a given price.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # An urgent [[requirement]] or [[need]]: ''demands on her time''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[demandable]]

+ * [[demander]]

+ * [[redemand]]

+ * [[counterdemand]]

+ * [[overdemand]]

+ * [[undemanded]]

+ * [[biochemical oxygen demand]]

+ * [[biological oxygen demand]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mandate]]

+ * [[command]]

+ * [[commend]]

+ * [[remand]]

+ * [[countermand]]

+ * [[commando]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}