southern English · revision 3023

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 888|origins=ang sūþerne}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈsʌð.ən/, US /ˈsʌð.ɚn/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|southren]],^(MWU 2024)^(Klein 1966) [[inh|ang|sūþerne]],^(Etymonline)^(Klein 1966) formed from sūþ, “[[south]]”, and the suffix -erne, which denotes direction.^(Etymonline)^(NODE 1998) It is a common Germanic compound, found also in Old Frisian suthern, Old Norse suðrœnn and Old High German sundrōni.^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Of the wind, blowing from the south: about 888.^(OED 1989) Of people, living in or coming from the south, is from about 950.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lying to the south, and found in or typical of the south, are from about 1000.^(OED 1989) In astronomy it named constellations from 1594, and the ''Southern Cross'' is so called in English by 1756.^(OED 1989)^(Etymonline) ''Southern lights'', the aurora australis, is from 1775.^(OED 1989) In the United States it was applied to the Southern States from 1789 of people^(OED 1989) and 1819 of things.^(OED 1989) ''Southern-fried'', of cooking typical of the American South, is by 1972 in its generic sense.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 888 – of the wind.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 950 – of people.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1000 – lying to the south.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1594 – in names of constellations.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1756 – ''Southern Cross''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1775 – ''southern lights''.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1789 – of the US Southern States.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # In, towards or facing the [[south]].^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Coming from the south: ''a southern wind''.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # Native to or growing in the south.^(AHD)

+ # Of or typical of southern regions, or of the South of a country, especially the US.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # South of the [[equator]].^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[southernness]]

+ * [[southernmost]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[south]]

+ * [[northern]]

+ * [[eastern]]

+ * [[western]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}