estate English · revision 3000

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1200, Ancrene Riwle|origins=la status}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɪˈsteɪt/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|estat]],^(MWU 2024) [[bor|xno|astat]] and Old French estat “state, position, condition, legal estate”,^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from [[la|status|t=state, condition, position]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) from the root of [[m|la|stāre|t=to stand]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[ine-pro|*sta-|t=to stand, make or be firm]].^(Etymonline) It is a doublet of [[state]] and [[status]];^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021) ''state'' is a shortening of it.^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A special state or condition, status: probably before 1200, in the ''Ancrene Riwle'',^(Barnhart 1988) before 1225 in the OED,^(OED 1989) and the early 13th century in Etymonline, as “rank, standing, condition”.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Outward pomp is from the 14th century,^(Hoad 1986) and condition with respect to worldly prosperity from before 1300.^(OED 1989) The sense “property, possessions” is from about 1385, developing from “state of prosperity”,^(Barnhart 1988)^(Cresswell 2021) the late 14th century in Etymonline.^(Etymonline) The three ''estates'', the orders of the body politic, are from the late 14th century; in England they were at first the clergy, barons and commons.^(Etymonline) An interest in property in law is from the 15th century.^(Hoad 1986) Landed property, usually large, is first recorded in American English in the 1620s,^(Etymonline) the 18th century in Hoad.^(Hoad 1986) The assets of a dead person or a debtor are from 1830.^(Etymonline) In British use a housing or industrial development is an ''estate'', and ''estate car'' is a station wagon.^(AHD)^(Roach et al. 2011) In Cumberland dialect an estate was a farm belonging to the farmer who worked it.^(Wright 1898)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 1200 – a state or condition.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * before 1300 – worldly prosperity.^(OED 1989)

+ * c. 1385 – property, possessions.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * late 14th century – the estates of the realm.^(Etymonline)

+ * 15th century – an interest in property.^(Hoad 1986)

+ * 1620s – landed property.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1830 – the assets of a dead person.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A large piece of land in the country, usually with a large house.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # All of a person's [[possession|alt=possessions]], especially the property and debts left at death.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(law)'' The nature and extent of a person's rights in land or other property.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # ''(British)'' A [[housing]] development, or an area of factories.^(AHD)

+ # ''(archaic)'' A state or condition; social [[rank]].^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+ # A political or social class: ''the three estates''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[estate-bottled]]

+ * [[second estate]]

+ * [[estate agent]]

+ * [[estate tax]]

+ * [[fourth estate]]

+ * [[first estate]]

+ * [[fifth estate]]

+ * [[housing estate]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[state]]

+ * [[status]]

+ * [[stand]]

+ * [[statue]]

+ * [[real estate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}