rose English · revision 2989

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 899|origins=grc ῥόδον}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /rəʊz/, US /roʊz/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|ang|rōse]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) [[bor|la|rosa]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988) reinforced in Middle English by [[m|fro|rose]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) which fixed the spelling.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Latin rosa is probably from Greek rhódon through Italian and Greek dialects,^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) perhaps as an Etruscan form of Greek Rhodia, “of Rhodes”.^(AHD 2000) Greek rhódon is probably borrowed from the East, like Armenian vard, from an Old Iranian form;^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) the modern Persian cognate is gul.^(Etymonline)^(MWU 2024) Latin rosa was also borrowed into the other Germanic languages: Dutch roos, German Rose, Old Norse rósa.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The flower and its shrub: about 888 in the OED,^(OED 1989) before 899 in Alfred's translation of Boethius in Barnhart.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Rose-red is from the early 13th century,^(Etymonline) and ''rose'' as a colour name for light crimson by the 1520s.^(Etymonline) A person of great beauty or virtue is a ''rose'' from the early 15th century,^(Etymonline) and a rose-shaped figure from the 14th century.^(Hoad 1986) ''No rose without a thorn'' goes back to medieval times.^(Cresswell 2021) The ''Wars of the Roses'', the 15th-century English civil wars, are so named by 1823; the white rose was the badge of York and the red of Lancaster.^(Etymonline) An ''English rose'', an attractive fair-skinned English girl, is from the late 18th century,^(Cresswell 2021) and ''rose-coloured spectacles'' from the mid-19th century.^(Cresswell 2021) The adjective, “rich red”, is by 1816.^(Etymonline) ''Rosy'' is from the 14th century, though rare before the 16th.^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 899 – the flower.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * early 13th century – ''rose-red''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 14th century – a rose-shaped figure, and ''rosy''.^(Hoad 1986)

+ * early 15th century – a person of great beauty.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1520s – a colour.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 18th century – ''English rose''.^(Cresswell 2021)

+ * 1823 – ''Wars of the Roses''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[shrub]] or vine of the genus Rosa, with prickly stems and fragrant flowers; its flower.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+ # A dark pink or light red colour.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # A rose-shaped design or decoration, such as a [[rosette]].^(AHD)^(Hoad 1986)

+ # A perforated nozzle on a watering can or hose.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of the colour rose; pinkish red.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # Scented with roses.^(AHD)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[roselike]]

+ * [[roseless]]

+ * [[roseate]]

+ * [[rosebud]]

+ * [[rosebush]]

+ * [[rose-colored]]

+ * [[roseola]]

+ * [[rosette]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rosary]]

+ * [[rhododendron]]

+ * [[julep]]

+ * [[rosé]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Rosé'', a pink wine, is French vin rosé “pink wine”, from 1897.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989) ''Rose'' is also the past tense of ''rise''.^(AHD)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}