rego Latin · revision 2978

15 Oct 2026, 19:26 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₃reǵ-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈrɛ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈrɛː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''regō''' (present infinitive regere, perfect active rēxī, supine rēctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*reg-e/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃reǵ-e/o-|t=to stretch, direct]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The perfect [[m|la|rēxī]] continues an Indo-European s-aorist, and the long vowel of [[m|la|rēctum]] is due to Lachmann's law.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[ergo|alt=ergō]] “therefore” from *ē-rogō “from the direction of”, built on a noun *rogo- “direction”, which he also sees in [[rogo|alt=rogāre]] “to ask”.^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ Cognate with [[xum|rehte|t=rightly]],^(de Vaan 2008) [[sga|at·raig|t=rises]],^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) [[sa|राजति|tr=rā́jati|t=directs, rules]]^(Wiktionary) and [[grc|ὀρέγω|tr=orégō|t=to stretch out, reach]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ De Vaan finds it from Plautus onwards, and the adverb ''rected'' “rightly” in a Faliscan inscription.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus a father is told to guide his son's mind and character.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ The OLD's first sense is technical: ''fines regere'', to fix the line of boundaries, a phrase of law and land surveying.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) The verb meant to guide someone's steps, to drive a horse or chariot, to steer a ship and to aim a weapon.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ From there it meant to direct people and households, to guide them morally and correct them, and to [[m|en|govern]] peoples and states, as in Cicero's men able “to rule and steer the commonwealth”.^(OLD 2012) Under the Empire it was used for commanding armies.^(OLD 2012) It survives as Italian ''reggere'' and Portuguese ''reger'', and French ''régir'' and Spanish ''regir'' are learned borrowings.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for guiding a young man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of Theseus guiding his steps with a thread.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for governing the state and for fixing boundaries.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it for steering ships.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # ''(law)'' To fix the line of (boundaries).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # To guide, direct (a person, steps).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # To drive (a horse, a chariot); to [[m|en|steer]] (a ship); to aim (a weapon).^(OLD 2012)
+ # To control, manage (people, a household).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To guide morally; to correct.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To [[m|en|rule]], govern (peoples, states).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # To command (troops).^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[corrigō]]
+ * [[ērigō]]
+ * [[porrigō]]
+ * [[proriga]]
+ * [[rēctilīneus]]
+ * [[rectiō]]
+ * [[rēctitātor]]
+ * [[rēctitūdō]]
+ * [[rēctor]]
+ * [[rēctrīx]]
+ * [[rēctūra]]
+ * [[regibilis]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[rēgālis]]
+ * [[rēgia]]
+ * [[rēgius]]
+ * [[rēgnō]]
+ * [[rēgnum]]
+ * [[rēx]]
+ * [[rēgīna]]
+ * [[rogō]]
+ * [[rogus]]
+ * [[en|regent]]
+ * [[en|region]]
+ * [[en|rule]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}