credo Latin · revision 2977

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *ḱred-dʰeh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkreː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkrɛː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''crēdō''' (present infinitive crēdere, perfect active crēdidī, supine crēditum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*krezde/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ḱred-dʰeh₁-|t=to put one's heart (in), believe]], a compound of a form of [[ine-pro|*ḱḗr|t=heart]], the source of [[cor]], with [[m|ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to put]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the Latin form from a cluster *-ddh- that became *-zd-; the Plautine subjunctive [[m|la|creduam]] suggests that the second part was replaced by [[m|ine-pro|*deh₃-|t=to give]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|creitid|t=believes]], [[cy|credu|t=to believe]], [[sa|श्रद्दधाति|tr=śraddadhāti|t=trusts, believes]] and [[ae|zrazdā-|t=trusting, believing]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus a miser speaks of the man “who entrusted this gold to me”.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short take it to have belonged first to the language of business, meaning to lend.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to [[m|en|entrust]] something to someone and to lend money, as when Cato tells the farm manager to lend to no one without the owner's order.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With the dative it meant to trust or rely on someone and to believe a person or a report, and with an accusative to accept something as true.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It also meant to regard as or to suppose, and a bare ''credo'' “I suppose” was often added to a sentence.^(OLD 2012) In Christian Latin ''Credo'', the first word of the creeds, became a noun for the creed itself.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline) It survives as Romanian ''crede'', Italian ''credere'' and Old French ''croire''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for entrusting and lending.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it for lending money.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for believing reports.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * first half of the 12th century – Honorius Augustodunensis uses ''Credo'' for the creed.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English takes ''credo'' for the creed sung in church.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|entrust]], commit (to someone's care).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To lend (money); to give credit.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To trust, rely on.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|believe]] (a person, a report); to accept as true.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To regard as, consider.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To suppose, think, ''credo'' I suppose.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' The [[m|en|creed]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[accrēdō]]

+ * [[concrēdō]]

+ * [[crēdibilis]]

+ * [[credito]]

+ * [[crēditor]]

+ * [[crēditrīx]]

+ * [[crēditum]]

+ * [[crēdulus]]

+ * [[discrēdō]]

+ * [[incrēditus]]

+ * [[incrēdundus]]

+ * [[crēdibiliter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|creed]]

+ * [[en|credit]]

+ * [[en|credible]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''fidere'', to trust in someone's strength or help, from ''credere'', to believe in their good intentions, citing Livy's consuls who did not so much distrust their soldiers' courage as their loyalty.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}