paro Latin · revision 2971

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *perh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpa.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaː.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''parō''' (present infinitive parāre, perfect active parāvī, supine parātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is usually explained as a verb made from a noun [[itc-pro|*paro-]], from [[ine-pro|*pr̥h₃-o-|t=providing]], of the root [[m|ine-pro|*perh₃-|t=to grant]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Rix derived it instead from a present *pr̥h₃-ye-, as the LIV does, but de Vaan objects that this would have given a different Latin form.^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL and the OLD link it with [[pario|alt=pariō]] “to bring forth”, a pairing like [[occupo|alt=occupō]] beside [[capio|alt=capiō]].^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|ernaid|t=grants]], [[sa|पृणाति|tr=pṛṇā́ti|t=gives, grants]] and [[grc|ἔπορον|tr=époron|t=I gave]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) as when a character orders “that whatever is needed be got ready”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to provide, furnish or make ready, to produce or bring about, and to get or [[m|en|acquire]] something, such as friends or a mistress.^(OLD 2012) It was also used for buying, as a farm or a slave, and for raising troops.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cato and Caesar used it of an army made ready for battle, and it was used for preparing a war, a flight or an attack, and so for planning or intending, as in Plautus' “my father is planning exile for me”.^(OLD 2012) Medieval Latin also used it for adorning and for learning by heart.^(Wiktionary) English took ''pare'' from French ''parer'', “to arrange, prepare; to trim”, and ''parry'' from the fencing call ''parez!''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for getting things ready and for buying.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it for making friends.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato writes of an army fed, prepared and encouraged.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''pare'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''prepare'' comes from its compound ''praeparare''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To provide, furnish, make available.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To produce, bring about.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To get, obtain, acquire; to buy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To raise (troops).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make ready, [[m|en|prepare]] (for action).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To prepare (a war, an attack).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To plan, intend.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To adorn; to learn by heart.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[apparō]]

+ * [[comparō]]

+ * [[imparātus]]

+ * [[parābilis]]

+ * [[parārius]]

+ * [[parātiō]]

+ * [[parātūra]]

+ * [[parātus]]

+ * [[parilis]]

+ * [[paritō]]

+ * [[praeparō]]

+ * [[reparō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[imperātor]]

+ * [[imperiōsus]]

+ * [[imperium]]

+ * [[properātim]]

+ * [[properiter]]

+ * [[properō]]

+ * [[properus]]

+ * [[pariō]]

+ * [[pauper]]

+ * [[en|prepare]]

+ * [[en|pare]]

+ * [[en|parry]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Two other words are spelled the same: ''parō'' “to make equal”, from [[par|alt=pār]], used by Plautus,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and ''parō'', ''parōnis'', a small light boat, from Greek, in a line of Cicero quoted by Isidore and in Gellius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}