studeo Latin · revision 2969

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(s)tewd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈstʊ.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈstuː.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''studeō''' (present infinitive studēre, perfect active studuī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*stud-ē-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*stud-eh₁-|t=to be thrusting]], a stative verb of the root [[m|ine-pro|*(s)tewd-|t=to push, strike]], which is also found in [[tundo|alt=tundō]] “to beat”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan explains the meaning as a development from “to be thrusting” to “to strive after”.^(de Vaan 2008) Older dictionaries compared [[grc|σπεύδω|tr=speúdō|t=to hasten]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who has a young man “devote himself to the brothels” and tells a slave not to be “keen on sleep”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With the dative it meant to devote oneself to something or strive after it, as when Cicero says someone gave himself above all to Greek literature.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to take sides with or favour a person or party.^(OLD 2012) Used on its own it came to mean to apply oneself to books, to [[m|en|study]], a sense first found in the elder Seneca.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The sense “to study” is especially Late and Medieval Latin, and Medieval Latin also used it for caring and thinking.^(Wiktionary) In Neo-Latin it was used for studying at a university.^(Ramminger) Through Medieval Latin ''studiare'' it gave French ''étudier'', Italian ''studiare'' and Spanish ''estudiar'',^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) and English ''study'' came from Old French in the early 12th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for devoting oneself to something.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius pairs it with ''agere'': ''id agit, id studet''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for devotion to Greek literature.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 12th century – English ''study'' is first recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * late 14th century – English ''student'' comes from Old French ''estudiant''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To devote oneself (to), be eager (for), strive after.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be keen on, concentrate on (something).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To support, [[m|en|favour]] (a person, a party).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|study]], apply oneself to learning.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To care; to think.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[studium]]

+ * [[studiōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[studiolum]]

+ * [[studiōsē]]

+ * [[tundō]]

+ * [[en|study]]

+ * [[en|student]]

+ * [[en|studio]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}