clamo Latin · revision 2968

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kelh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɫaː.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈklaː.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''clāmō''' (present infinitive clāmāre, perfect active clāmāvī, supine clāmātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It looks like a verb made from a noun meaning “shout, shouting”, [[inh|itc-pro|*klām-o/ā-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*kl̥h₁-m(o)-]], which Latin later replaced with [[clamor|alt=clāmor]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The root is the one in [[calo|alt=calāre]] “to call”,^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) and the TLL also compares [[clarus|alt=clārus]].^(TLL) Lewis and Short compare [[grc|καλέω|tr=kaléō|t=to call]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) who has a slave say “the old man is shouting inside, as usual”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to [[m|en|shout]] or cry out, often introducing direct speech, and to greet or accompany something with shouts.^(OLD 2012) Poets said that rivers and valleys resound.^(OLD 2012) Cicero used it of documents that “proclaim” a fact, as when a man's own account books show the plunder was his.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It also meant to call someone by name, as Lucilius calling his slaves when he wakes, and Medieval Latin used it for calling and naming.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It survives as Italian ''chiamare'', Romanian ''chema'', Spanish ''llamar'' and Portuguese ''chamar'',^(Wiktionary) and English ''claim'' came from Old French ''clamer'' about 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for shouting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it with direct speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it for calling slaves by name.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of documents that declare a fact.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''claim'' is borrowed from Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|shout]], cry out.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To say aloud, exclaim (words).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To greet with shouts; to make resound.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(of places)'' To resound.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To declare plainly, [[m|en|proclaim]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To call by name.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[acclāmō]]

+ * [[circumclamo]]

+ * [[clāmātor]]

+ * [[clāmātōrius]]

+ * [[clamatus]]

+ * [[clāmitō]]

+ * [[clāmōsus]]

+ * [[conclāmō]]

+ * [[dēclāmō]]

+ * [[exclāmō]]

+ * [[inclāmō]]

+ * [[interclamo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|claim]]

+ * [[en|clamour]]

+ * [[en|exclaim]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''clangere'', the cry of animals and the sound of instruments, from ''clamare'', a human cry expressing one's will, and ''vociferari'', shouting in anger, pain or drunkenness.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}