premo Latin · revision 2965

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *pr-es-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈprɛ.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈprɛː.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''premō''' (present infinitive premere, perfect active pressī, supine pressum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pres-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*pr-es-|t=to press]], the stem seen in the perfect [[m|la|pressī]] and the participle [[m|la|pressum]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The present stem in ⟨prem-⟩ is usually explained as made on the model of [[tremo|alt=tremō]], since that verb had the two stems *trem- and *tres-,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) though the TLL notes that where *prem- came from is still unexplained.^(TLL)

+

+ De Vaan compares [[sa|पृत्|tr=pṛ́t-|t=battle]], [[lt|per̃ti|t=to beat, lash]] and [[ru|переть|tr=peretʹ|t=to push one's way, drag]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Livius Andronicus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus a lover forbids his mistress to press her foot against any man's foot.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense was to [[m|en|press]] or push, and it covered embracing, imprinting marks, as a keel cuts a furrow in the sea, pressing hard on an enemy in pursuit, and crowding round.^(OLD 2012) It was used for weighing down, treading on, overwhelming and covering, and so for darkness hiding things and for sleep or death overpowering a person.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It meant to check or suppress, to silence, to keep confined, as Aeolus holds the winds, and to belittle.^(OLD 2012) Cicero used it for pressing a point in argument.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to squeeze milk, honey, wine or oil.^(OLD 2012) In Neo-Latin it was used for printing books.^(Ramminger) Old French ''preindre'' “to press” comes from it, and its noun gave English ''print'';^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary) English ''press'' comes from its frequentative ''pressare''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for pressing a foot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it for sweat squeezed out of the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for pressing a point.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil has Aeolus hold down the winds.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''print'' comes through Old French ''preinte'', “impression”.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1482 – The printer Erhard Ratdolt uses it of printing a book.^(Ramminger)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|press]], push; to embrace.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To imprint, make (a mark) by pressing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To press hard on (in pursuit); to attack, harass.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To crowd round.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To press (a point), urge.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To weigh down; to tread on; to [[m|en|overwhelm]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To cover, hide; to surpass.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To check, [[m|en|suppress]]; to silence; to confine.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To lower; to disparage.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To squeeze; to press out (wine, oil); to throttle.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(New Latin)'' To print.^(Ramminger)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[apprimō]]

+ * [[comprimō]]

+ * [[dēprimō]]

+ * [[exprimō]]

+ * [[imprimō]]

+ * [[interprimō]]

+ * [[opprimō]]

+ * [[prēlum]]

+ * [[pressim]]

+ * [[pressiō]]

+ * [[pressō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|press]]

+ * [[en|print]]

+ * [[en|pressure]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}